In a sense, I would say yes there are learning laws, but it's still early in codifying them.

Along one axis, you could compare: supervised, semi-supervised, self-supervised and unsupervised learning. Along another axis, consider that there are versions of each method that take into account temporal/dynamic data, versus others that require randomly shuffled static data.

In the current problems of visual perception, I think the field would benefit greatly a shift to focus on multiscale interaction/dynamics rather than on (static) statistics as it is currently (for more on this, see my colleague's blog: [1]).

[1] Statistics and dynamics. (http://blog.piekniewski.info/2016/11/01/statistics-and-dynam...)