Wells Fargo says customers gave up right to sue by having signatures forged
boingboing.net
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He got people to withdraw over 600 million from DSB Bank in a few days, which caused the bank to run out of liquidity and forced them to freeze accounts. This meant they lost all trust in the market and needed to ask other banks for emergency financing. All other banks declined (with good reasons, a bank falling apart combined with pending legal action on the mortgage side is a very high risk for them to take).
So within three weeks DSB was bankrupt. More here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSB_Bank
I can imaging some disgruntled customers going after Wells Fargo in the same way. They have severe legal action pending (which makes them risky for others to save) and have destroyed their image by their reactions to this (which makes it easier to motivate customers to take action). All ingredients that killed DSB are there... The only difference is that DSB was one of the smaller banks and Wells Fargo is huge.
Happened here in the UK too. Northern Rock was in trouble but companies get in trouble all the time; what killed it and precipitated a full-blown financial crisis here was certain journalists revelling in the downfall of capitalism from the safety of their state-broadcaster sinecures...
Ordinary deposits with banks should be protected by the government because the general public cannot evaluate the risk of a bank collapsing. There's probably a case for some protection for companies that hold accounts -- although companies should really be aware that by depositing money in a bank, they become lenders to the bank, and they should have the skills to mitigate that risk. Perhaps smaller companies, and accounts specifically holding payroll, should receive greater deposit protection.
Regardless of the actual dollar amounts changed hands, what the US Federal government demonstrated was that risky - even illegal - behavior will be covered and some losses will be covered. It means that next time (and there will be one), we should assume the risks and losses will be even bigger.
But more seriously, why did the resolution have to be a bailout. Could someone with the authority, and here I mean The Government, because they've got the guns, just tell the banks to rollback the wonky transactions?
Which seems to translate, at least in my mind, to 'banks should be too big to fail, but only in the ways I like'.
It's not clear, under your scheme, how we would draw the line between companies that "should be aware" of the risks and how they would mitigate them? Do we have to have insurance policies against our bank deposits? But who pays for that?
Maybe I'm not reading with enough goodwill here though. Perhaps by "the government should protect" you mean to say something like 'there should be laws / regulations making it so that banks shonky investment dealings can't affect depositors accounts, at least for some class(es) of depositors' - in which case I agree.
I didn't say any of that. Banks should never be too big to fail. The only question is which of the bank's account holders should the government preferentially bail out by printing money equivalent to the holders' deposits.
[0] Legal or not.
http://www.reuters.com/article/us-wellsfargo-accounts-lawsui...
Unfortunately, this is common practice and it also shows one of the biggest problems of the western world. It is quite profitable for a company to screw over customers. Just discourage them as much as possible to go to court by letting them sign a large page of legal gibberish, and don't screw them over too much, and the company will probably be fine.
Because companies are beholden to investors and not customers.
BoingBoing and others are taking the position that the waiver only applies to actions relating to the specific account that was signed for, each account standing separately.
The latter approach seems more sensible to me, but really it all comes down to the language of the statement that they (really) signed, and how courts have chosen to interpret that.
Assuming the original arbitration clause covered the entire business relationship - not just matters specific to the account opened at signing then it ultimately is a question of whether the fraudulent account is a new business "relationship".
histrionic
ˌhɪstrɪˈɒnɪk
noun
plural noun: histrionics
1. melodramatic behaviour designed to attract attention.
"by now, Anna was accustomed to her mother's histrionics" synonyms: dramatics, drama, theatrics, theatricality, tantrums
archaic
dramatic performances; the theatre.
"he loved the theatre and everything which savoured of histrionics"
2. archaic an actor.
"are they bound by the agreement which opened their primary account, or is there no legal agreement in place?"
How can you be bound by things you never agreed to?
"We signed you up for more services, but because you said yes once that means you are always ours."
I agree that the article sounds like histrionics because it doesn't explain the situation clearly. The article makes it sound like the customers are being bound somehow based on their forged signatures, which sounds like hogwash to me.
My suspicion is that the customers were bound to this term by opening their original account -- or at least, that's Wells Fargo's argument. The legal debate seems to be about whether the terms of service signed by the customer at that time would prevent them from suing over the additional fraudulent accounts. Basically, whether those terms of service apply to that situation or not.
For me, this is one of the scariest issues USA faces, a de facto loss to right of trial via binding arbitation
Not that it really matters because, second:
>when the bank willfully and egregiously commits criminal acts
Wells Fargo has not been found guilty of committing criminals acts at all, much less willfully and egregiously. There are some ongoing criminal investigations, and they were hit by some civil penalties. But there have been no criminal convictions.
Consumer Financial Services Agreements: As of May 5th, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau has proposed a rule that would prohibit mandatory arbitration clauses in financial services agreements that limit access to class action lawsuits. Once formalized, this rule would apply to all contracts, including those already signed. Although such a rule would not necessarily prohibit mandatory arbitration for single-plaintiff claims, arbitration clauses that do not specifically exclude class action lawsuits from their reach may be invalid regardless.[1]
Consumer Contracts: Although generally upheld, mandatory arbitration clauses in consumer contracts are non-binding when there is evidence of fraud. The Theranos lawsuits have recently brought this reality back to the attention of corporate lawyers. Because Theranos and Walgreens face accusations of widespread fraud, otherwise enforceable arbitration clauses are thrown out, allowing for class-action claims regardless. It’s important to note that these cases demonstrate that the fraud must merely be investigated, not conclusively proven, for the courts to now invalidate arbitration clauses.[1]
I think it's safe to say the alleged fraud in this case is under investigation.
Edit: Link fixed!
[1]: https://www.priorilegal.com/blog/the-limits-of-mandatory-arb...
> Judges in California and federal courts have ruled arbitration clauses signed by customers when they opened legitimate accounts prevent them from suing even over allegedly fraudulent accounts created without their knowledge.
http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-wells-fargo-arbitratio...
Laws have been proposed to change this. Of course, given the election results, I highly doubt the bills, or the proposed CFPB rule you mention are going anywhere.
> Is there anything in the law about good faith in contracts?
Not in the sense you mean, no. Generally speaking, if they sign it in bad faith (that is, with no intent to comply), and they do not comply, that would be fraud (ie, a crime). If they sign it in good faith (that is, with an intent to comply) but later do not comply, that's breach of contract (ie, a tort) but not fraud. In both cases the contract is broken, but only because they broke it. The intent to break it isn't really relevant to that.
Generally speaking the solution for your question is "make sure the contract contains a clause that automatically terminate the contract on initiation of a criminal investigation for child abuse by the authorities" if you're worried about that.
Edit: It's not directly relevant to your question, but I feel like I should link this article which is hilarious and disturbing, and goes into some details on the fraud/breach of contract distinction. https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2016-05-23/countrywi...
Now, if you can show the sole purpose of him forming the business with you was to steal your source code, then that's fraud.
If one can prove that a party premeditated and willfully went against the terms of the contract in order to deceive the other party and profited from this deceit while also breaking laws, what is the legal reasoning behind calling it a breach instead of fraud?
> But why?
Because that's what the law says. :)
> If one can prove that a party premeditated and willfully went against the terms of the contract in order to deceive the other party and profited from this deceit while also breaking laws
Very, very simply: If you lied, it's fraud. If you didn't lie, then it's not fraud. It might well be some other crime, but it's not fraud, because fraud is a word that means lying. So you say:
> went against the terms of the contract in order to deceive
But it depends what you mean by that. If I meant to follow the contract when I sign it, but later change my mind, and you just assume I'm following it, you are deceived, but I didn't lie, and it's not fraud. If I didn't mean to follow it when I signed it then I'm lying and it's fraud. Similarly if I mean to follow it when I sign, later change my mind, and you then ask me "hey, are you following the contract?", and I say "yes" even though I'm not, then I'm lying, and it's fraud. The key element isn't whether or not you were deceived, or whether or not I actually followed the contract, but whether I lied, because that's what the crime is.
From this post and the article you linked above, the takeaway I get is to ask everyday "Are you following the contract?" I understand the legal definition, but I gather that the layman will still think it's fraud.
I guess a simple solution in that scenario would be to have a checkbox asking are you following the contract every time they login to the server.
Thanks, I learned a lot from you! :D
Wells Fargo didn't open accounts for random people; they opened accounts for their customers. Who agreed to resolve future disputes via binding arbitration. And one of those future disputes is over the fake accounts Wells Fargo opened later.
Whatever you think of arbitration agreements, it would make no sense to have one which terminated the moment you have a dispute.
Consumer Financial Services Agreements: As of May 5th, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau has proposed a rule that would prohibit mandatory arbitration clauses in financial services agreements that limit access to class action lawsuits. Once formalized, this rule would apply to all contracts, including those already signed. Although such a rule would not necessarily prohibit mandatory arbitration for single-plaintiff claims, arbitration clauses that do not specifically exclude class action lawsuits from their reach may be invalid regardless.[1]
Consumer Contracts: Although generally upheld, mandatory arbitration clauses in consumer contracts are non-binding when there is evidence of fraud. The Theranos lawsuits have recently brought this reality back to the attention of corporate lawyers. Because Theranos and Walgreens face accusations of widespread fraud, otherwise enforceable arbitration clauses are thrown out, allowing for class-action claims regardless. It’s important to note that these cases demonstrate that the fraud must merely be investigated, not conclusively proven, for the courts to now invalidate arbitration clauses.[1]
I think it's safe to say that fraud in this case has been conclusively proven.
[1]: https://www.priorilegal.com/blog/the-limits-of-mandatory-arb...
Full accounting of moral behavior includes an absolute prohibition on selling with an intend to deceive via an asymmetry of information, since risk can be epistemic/subjective related to ignorance of outcomes that the counterparty already knows about, then they sold you a product/service/contract with an intend to offload risk on you, which is strictly immoral period.
Absolute prohibition on parasitism via exchanges made via an asymmetry of information and they cannot prevent restitution because you agreed to not sue for something else.
What a bunch of nonsense.
This is a legal argument about venue - where and how the case should be heard. Getting angry at Well's Fargo might feel good, but in the end its pointless. Understanding the law itself does have practical use going forward. Perhaps the scope of signing away your right to a class action will be better understood.
This is not really a choice if you want to use a mobile phone or any tele-communications service. Same goes for employment contracts.
I don't think there is a lack of understanding, I think (although I have no evidence for this) that MOST consumers, if asked what that clause meant, would say something like "Oh, that's the weasel words that let the company get around legal rules." Which is essentially true.
The problem is lack of power, not lack of understanding. There is no way to avoid these arbitration clauses. The companys' interests are such that they will include them and make no exceptions; consumers cannot even refuse and find a competitor because ALL competitors in the market will insist on it. So long as we offer a "don't have to be subject to the law" clause, everyone will use it.
http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-wells-fargo-arbitratio...
The very fact that fraudulently "opening" a new account counts as a "dispute" for "arbitration" shows what a load of shit mandatory arbitration agreements are.
Once a business has your info on file they can effectively open additional accounts or services for you at will. It can be difficult to seek any sort of remedy because it would be hard to prove damages except in extreme cases.
Want to guess what grounds exist at law and equity for the revocation of a contract? :)
Note also the now-common practice of requiring individual arbitration is not well-tested in court either. The FAA pretty clearly preempts court class actions when there are mandatory arbitration provisions. However, it is silent, and it's purpose unrelated, to whether that arbitration is individual or class arbitration. It seems likely to me that a state could reasonably say forcing individual arbitration was against their public policy, and not have that pre-empted by the FAA.
All you little people, its really your fault for being such small fry...
The appeal of arbitration for a pair of similarly sophisticated entities that have the ability to vet the clauses of the contract is obvious. But the potential for abuse with one large organization picking the arbiter and a lot of unsophisticated individuals trying their luck against them is pretty obvious too.
let's firstly identify that yes, this is how people in the thread take "agree to arbitration."
Next let me ask: I did a quick Google search,
https://www.google.com/search?q=does+arbitration+always+favo...
expecting to see that, for example, perhaps arbitration always results in the larger player being awarded whatever they say. (Meaning that it is equal to saying "agree that its decisions are final and customers waive all recourse.")
But it seems the link isn't quite conclusive - it seems the results just show that the "Forced arbitration clauses almost always favor the company over the individual" - which is very strong language, but is about "favor" and not outright as categorical.
So I'm curious if people have experience with arbitration -- is it fair to read the arbitration clause as being de facto tantamount to Wells Fargo's decisions being final? (With the arbitration itself being an afterthought, a mere formality.)
Or is it just a bit lopsided, but still not quite as final and definitive as that?
I ask because in theory, in an environment of frivolous lawsuits that can cost companies literally hundreds of thousands or millions of legal fees, it might certainly make sense for arbitration clauses to limit the extent to which they are embroiled in huge lawsuits.
This reason for arbitration would be a bit different from the reason that "it's really just an excuse to say whatever we say is final."
If I were a corporation, I wouldn't think that an arbitration clause is the same as saying "our company's policies are final and we decide what they mean: you waive all right to any recourse".
Is that what other people here think it means?
(Genuine, open question - as you can see I did a Google search more or less with this phrasing.) Curious what you think, or your experiences. Or whether you've used arbitration clauses in the past, either on the corporate side against a frivolous lawsuit, or as a consumer against a large corporation. (I don't expect corporate lawyers from large corporations to read this comment and respond honestly - but small startup CEO's and individuals, sure. Of course, if you're doing evil work for a large corporation as a corporate lawyer enforcing lopsided contracts, I guess you're welcome to come clean under a throwaway...)
However, I don't think that premise is true. I trust the open, standardized, and (mostly) consistent courts to fairly apply the law. While some lawsuits seem frivolous on the surface, I've consistently found that when I learn the details there is a good reason they proceeded.
I mean that this is what I understood the purpose of arbitration to be. for both parties to say, "fine, let's go to a neutral third party and we'll agree to whatever they say" versus a full lawsuit.
Within your comment I don't see any positive aspect or defense of arbitration at all -- it seems like for you it is the same as "kangaroo court" and, for example, if you yourself had an arbitration clause in a prenuptual agreement it would be the same as a kangaroo court clause for you?
I guess then that I am not seeing the whole purpose of arbitration anywhere in your comment.
I'd be shocked at the latter but, if that is your knowledge then I'll take it. Are you basically saying that nobody has ever used arbitration the way it's written on the tin? (a low-cost way to have a third party mediate in case of minor disagreement?)
why does arbitration even exist in your opinion? (both in theory and practice).
someone's been downvoting me, but I'm just asking open-ended questions. I don't have a strong preconception myself. it's clear that in the rest of this article discussion thread, people are taking "arbitration" to mean "whatever the company wants." is this your experience too? (in such strong terms?)
It's a scam that was invented to keep the inventor out of the trouble they knew their shitty actions would cause for them.
You don't need a contract for voluntary arbitration, you only need it to force someone into it when it's not in their best interests.
> people are taking "arbitration" to mean "whatever the company wants."
The company is the party with the lawyers, and which forces the clause into the contracts. Of course they feel it benefits them.
I highly doubt they're wrong...
Yes, costs can be kept down by requiring things stay out of court. This is at the expense of some of the normal guarantees you can expect from our court system.
If that's okay for you, and you're in an equal bargaining position with the other party, go wild. You're not in an equal bargaining position with the banking industry when a majority of banks start adding the clause to their T&C.
what I mean is, isn't arbitration in a sense always "voluntary", because you can always sue after, if you really don't like it? Thanks.
http://www.arbitration.com/articles/canapartystillsueafterbi...
>A decision on a binding arbitration cannot be appealed or overturned unless there are rare circumstances present (fraud, bias or other inappropriate actions on the part of the arbitration attorney). After the decision is rendered, the case is over.
The things that are the main worry here - bias - would be explicit grounds for throwing out binding arbitration. So I still don't follow how "binding arbitration" means "whatever the company wants, and you're SOL on your side."
It would be a clear case of bias if that were the case, and based on what I've just read would allow you recourse to a normal lawsuit...?
On the other hand, why are the decisions of unbiased arbitration worrysome? I don't understand what the problem people have with it is, and so far it hasn't been expressed clearly to me. Maybe you can help, jpallas?
Just trying to understand here. THanks
with that said, I think if you suggested an alternative title (under your handle or a different one) that better reflects the contents of the article, the mods would be inclined to change it. They often do - and clickbait titles are explicitly against HN policy :)
so go ahead and make a suggested title change, under your current or a different HN name. thanks.
As for my username, that's your call: ban it or don't. I'll call out fake stories with this account or some other either way.
see also:
https://news.ycombinator.com/newswelcome.html
and
At the very least, link to the original Reuters article, and make a note to quit giving BoingBoing hits.