Not responsible for this census, but I've done work with it in the past. Two observations:
The questions are largely derivative and the same each year: cost to develop and test while maintaining statistical validity and capture of all possible scenarios, while still being interpreted correctly by the population, is enormous.
Secondly, the number of permutations and combinations of answers is almost universally underestimated by everyone I've ever met outside of this process. Nationality is not the same as birthplace is not the same as parent is not the same as adults in the household. The amount of diversity is staggering.
Additionally, although those two are the primary reasons for the question designs (and I assure you, people will be doing deductions and logical inferences on the back-end once the data is collected), being exhaustive at the point of data entry rather than deductive allows for further meta analysis on the data entry process and survey responding experience itself, whereas if you decide to attempt to deduce, you miss out on a dimension of typo, misskey, misinterpretation, and other analysis data that you would forgo in the former case.