I'm flattered to see Data Science at the Command Line next to these great titles, but I'm not sure if I would recommend it to learn the basics of data science.

DSATCL discusses the ideas behind various cleaning and visualization approaches and several machine algorithms, but only briefly. My personal recommendation would be to first gain some experience with these topics using Python and/or R. If you're afterwards curious to find out how the Unix command line can help to do data science, well, then there's only one book I can think of! ;)