Here's how I would do it:
No degree, but rather a programmer publicly signs off on his code, and gets both credit and blame for it.
Anyone who wants can register for a programmer ID (in practice a public key). There is no test, just an administration fee.
When you write code you sign off on it, perhaps with some accompanying text describing what parts you worked on.
No more anonymous code shipped by a company entity, instead do it like how movies are done: Every single person gets credit (including QA and administration), every tool used gets credit.