For Email with IMAP, you have the wonderful offlineimap tool[0], I have been using it for years, you can easily perform a maildir format[1] backups of all your email accounts.
No idea what I'll do when Thunderbird eventually goes away - what is the replacement with identical functionality on macOS? I only want to grab mail and append to my existing mbox files.
You can donate to the project, I just did so today in fact:
eg. my Outlook PSTs and OSTs are useless to me as I have nothing that will open them.
Calendar data you can mainly download as .ics files. Addressbook data is somewhat trickier, a directory full of VCARDs is probably the gold standard.
Maildir is ok. Mbox couldn't be retired early enough.