The most boring explanation is usually the correct one.
Let me apply it here...
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Gray has talked to his supervisors, and his job is secure because he's the same talented engineer today as he was last week.
Gray's career options are unaffected by this because who wouldn't want to hire an iPhone engineer?
Gray was scared when his phone was lost, embarrassed when it was found, but already back to business as usual, and actually even wiser than before.
Gray isn't paying attention to any of the publicity, only to the laughs his personal friends are having at/with him.
Jobs wasn't even caught off guard by this, he's seen it all before.
Apple will not comment publicly on any of these events.
Apple will release the new iPhone at a typical keynote in a few months, and will sell tons of them.
No charges will be brought against Gizmodo.
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All the speculation, here and otherwise, wants this to be way more drama than these things ever are.
We aren't talking about losing the briefcase in Pulp Fiction. We're talking about boring, corporate America that we all know too well.
This is essentially the same as that one time your bug dropped an important table in the production database. Did you get shit canned? Did your company suffer insurmountable losses? Nope. Your company did damage control, you and your team fixed the problem, and everyone went back to business as usual the next day.
Real life is boring, even for the seemingly larger-than-life Apple, Steve Jobs and the iPhone.