Library operating systems like IncludeOS are a further extension of this phenomenon: http://www.includeos.org
With IncludeOS, you don't even have a full kernel. You just have the bare necessities, and run your code in real mode in ring 0.
With IncludeOS, you don't even have a full kernel. You just have the bare necessities, and run your code in real mode in ring 0.
I reckon the point of IncludeOS is to run an application directly on a hypervisor like Xen (instead of needing a separate guest OS).