What's the difference between "I can become the root user on my phone whenever I want" and "My phone is rooted"?
Note: I'm asking as a GNU/Linux user, not as a phone user.
Thanks!
edit: Apparently SETUID is disabled on Android:
... using kernel features that help block privilege escalation (e.g. NOSUID, NO_NEW_PRIVS).
source: https://lwn.net/Articles/609511/What are these different "methods" listed in the table here?
https://github.com/dirtycow/dirtycow.github.io/wiki/PoCs
Can one of those methods allow me to write to some file in /etc? (Which is enough to grant me the access I want, unless selinux is just MAGIC.)
You would need to be able to `setenforce 0 `. A properly configured SELinux context can prevent you from doing that however we are starting to finally see some reports of dirtyc0w successfuly leading to `SELinux status: permissive` and permanent root.