I think that's undervaluing the time value of money.
The only sense in which value is destroyed is if the money ends up in the hands of someone who less productive at invest it. But that can't really be predicted. If value is lost in a default, the value was already destroyed in the past, regardless default choice.
Bankruptcy causes real destruction of value as inventory is sold at liquidation prices and the concentration of knowledge and organisation that makes a firm valuable in the first place evaporates.