The slow part is the death-knell. It's not just that it takes longer for you to complete your task, it's also that you get distracted while waiting for your slow machine. What's your first response if you hit the compile key and it takes longer than a few seconds? You flip over to browsing the web. That interrupted flow cost you way more than $5000. If you could spend $5000 to make that go away for every engineer in the company, the increased productivity will more than pay for itself over time.
Sometimes, that means more than just paying for the machine on the engineer's desk, it could mean spending money on a cluster of machines just to do distributed compiles. That's also money well spent. Basically, any time you can keep an engineer from interrupting flow by spending money, it's a decision worth careful consideration.
As an extreme example, Google spent millions on SSDs for its source control systems to speed up submits. Money well spent.