Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_tax_rates
Corporate tax Norway: 25%
Corporate tax US: 35%
Individual (Min/Max) Norway: 0%/46.9%
Individual (Min/Max) US: 0%-3%/52.9%
Payroll tax Norway: 0%-14.1%
Payroll tax US: 20.2%
VAT Norway: 10%-25%
VAT US: 0%-11.725%
The tax systems are different though, for Norway, the max tax bracket is from 950.000 NOK (a bit over 100k USD). You do not pay tax until you make around 80k and the rates are progressive. You do have loads of deductibles though like paid interest, children, transportation etc.
So I wouldn't say we pay vastly more in tax here, but we still get social services.
The salaries here are not on EU level, but a bit higher. As an analyst I make about 1.1 million NOK/year. From that I pay around 350k in tax and that is not too bad compared to what we get in exchange. I actually have no objections to paying the tax.
Edit: BTW, I work 37.5 hours a week and two of the days are from home. And I have 27 paid vacation days a year + the public holidays :)
Edit2: the tax stuff was mangled, reformatting