This is the SRE prescreen. At least it's the one I was asked in 2007, almost verbatim. Possibly too verbatim.
Based on his LinkedIn profile, I don't think anyone at Google would have thought of him as a "director of engineering". Being an "R&D director" at some unknown company at 24 is entirely un-comparable to a director at Google, and since then he's worked at his own very small company. He was probably a candidate for Senior SRE.
The fact that there's a machine instruction for it does makes it a bad question.
His answer was to look at 64 bits at a time and do a [0] Kernighan style count. The "correct" answer was an 8-bit lookup table. Which is right is going to be highly dependent on the data and the architecture you are using.
[0] http://stackoverflow.com/questions/12380478/bits-counting-al...