Mozilla's CA policy is the only major policy where almost all discussion is public (indeed, its policy requires a public commentary period), so its decision is the most visible by far. Given that the major list vendors already collaborate in the CAB forum, it's likely that MS and Apple will follow the Mozilla/Google lead here. The prior Diginotar and Comodo scenarios involved all the vendors operating in tandem.
With both Chrome and Firefox no longer allowing certificates from them we can expect customers to no longer buy from them which will result in no more certificates even if Apple/Microsoft don't follow.
IIRC, it uses the OS's trust store on Windows and macOS, and NSS (so, Mozilla's trust store) on Linux. So, it's up to Apple and Microsoft to handle this for Chrome users on those platforms.
CRLSets: https://dev.chromium.org/Home/chromium-security/crlsets
HSTS Preloading: https://hstspreload.appspot.com/
more: https://www.chromium.org/Home/chromium-security/security-faq...
https://www.chromium.org/Home/chromium-security/root-ca-poli...
(Not sure if cached intermediate certificates get added to the keychain - maybe that's what you saw previously?)