On my iPhone, for the checkerboard resizing, the srgb-space resizing (b) is almost an exact match, while C appears much whiter.
Another option is to save the image from the webpage to disk and then open that image in a basic image editor (making sure the editor is not zoomed in at all). I'm not sure how feasible this is if you're on a phone though.
What would have been ideal is if the author of the article had included srcset alternatives for these images to cater for some of the more common high DPI devices. Would then have just work automatically for most people and caused a lot less confusion.
It's also possible that the image file is a PNG with a gAMA chunk, which sometimes gets rendered incorrectly by browsers.
You keep saying this, but many people don't have a real desktop monitor. Laptop sales exceed desktop sales and both are dwarfed even by tablets alone.
So whether it's technically the correct approach is irrelevant for a large proportion of potential end-users, for whom it will look broken.
Anyway, I think you have bigger problems than gamma with those devices anyway (glare, reflections etc.), so that's probably the least of your concerns.