They tend to be major, but only 11 of 19 (11 of 17 that exist) go from one geo extreme to the other. Sorry highway numbers are a hobby of mine (yes I know strange hobby).
5 ^: Mexico to Canada
10 ^: Pacific to Atlantic
15 ^: Mexico to Canada
20: Mid-Texas to Mid-South Carolina
25: Southern Texas to Wyoming
30: Texas to Arkansas
35 ^: Mexico to almost Canada
40 ^: Eastern California, to Eastern North Carolina
45: Entirely in Texas
50: N/A
55 ^: Gulf of Mexico to Great Lakes
60: N/A
65 ^: Gulf of Mexico to Great Lakes
70: Utah to Maryland
75 ^: Southern Florida to northern Michigan
80 ^: San Francisco to New York
85: Mid-Alabama to Mid-Virginia
90 ^: Seattle to Boston (longest in the country)
95 ^: Maine to Florida
AASHTO has since relaxed that rule, and there are now a few exceptions to it, but it's too late to shoehorn in two major interstates.
But this will take decades due to limited funding and a bunch of states that just don't care. I'll be lucky to see it in my lifetime, and if I do, I'll be an old lady.
What weirds me out in that area, by the way, is that I-2 even exists. I grew up understanding that I-4 was the lowest-numbered Interstate in the country (and my family went to Florida often enough when I was a kid that I was quite familiar with that road), and it still hasn't quite sunk in yet that it got dethroned.
As such, I-99 is the only interstate AASHTO is forbidden by law from renaming.
Until a few years ago, it wasn't contiguous. There was a gap in Memphis where the locals objected to its completion because the traffic noise would have disturbed the animals at the zoo. So the northern part of I-240 was signed to include I-40, finally linking the two halves together.
A bigger reason is that the road would have run straight through Overton Park and required that the entire park be destroyed. People like Overton Park, and the protests over that got the project cancelled. In fact, they actually built the road east of Overton Park, but they stopped there when the protests started. What was intended to be I-40 is now called Sam Cooper Blvd. If you look at Google Maps, you'll see that the gap between the end of I-40 on the west side and the beginning of Sam Cooper basically just consists of Overton Park and a few blocks in each direction.