This seems to cover a small part of it. Also I don't know much about prison but I assume inmates have access to weights (or maybe that is just a hollywood stereotype that I have picked up). I suppose though while you are in jail if you aren't bailed out you can do weightless training.
I would imagine forearm training would be critical since grappling is so important in self defense. This could be tricky if there are no bars to hang from.
I'm thinking the best training is probably fairly similar to football training... get big, fast, and strong. I'm just not sure gymnastic like training will do that (particularly as you gain weight that sort of training becomes fairly difficult).
Thus from my limited knowledge... I would probably do a ton of power cleans, power presses, and sand bag grabbing. Maybe some farmer walks. Probably no dead lifts while in prison though since that would just sap you and leave you weak for attacks. Maybe deadlifts prior to going in.