Aka serving a cached response while the cache is getting refreshed (even to the request who initiated the refresh). Currently when nginx has to refresh the cache it will "hang" the current response until it gets refreshed (the requests that follow, even while the cache is getting refreshed, will get the stale version tho).
It's the difference between your client being amazed by how fast your api is, to "wtf does page X takes 3s to render from time to time" comments.