Sugar industry secretly paid for favorable Harvard research
statnews.com
statnews.com
Most obesity researchers are paid by the soda industry. e.g. http://www.alternet.org/food/soda-scandal-journalists-fail-r...
The best outline is the latest "Sugar" documentary http://thatsugarfilm.com/film/synopsis/ who started to get the word out and of course Yudkin's book. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/lifestyle/wellbeing/diet/10634081...
The UNICEF is trying for years to warn against excessive sugar consumption. But only their latest report speaks out: https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/IWP_2016_13.pdf The Soda industry with the help of politicians did effectively destroy all sugar warnings and turn the carb problem into a fitness and fat issue.
The EU funded a 10 year project in that area https://ec.europa.eu/research/biosociety/pdf/a_decade_of_eu-...
The genera database can also give an indication of the funding by private and government in biotech (i think its 1/3 or 1/2, but can't find the link)
https://www.biofortified.org/portfolio/infographic-world-map...
Update: Replying to some of the comments, just want to clarify that company should pay for the testing, but the actual scientific research should be done independently. Of course the company will probably have done some initial research of their own (at least you would hope so), but it would need to be replicated independently.
Update 2: Grist covered gmos a few years back and here is the part about the regulation http://grist.org/food/the-gm-safety-dance-whats-rule-and-wha...
On top of that, it can be true that industry funds research that is potentially biased to a certain conclusion where the conclusion is actually true.
There is also a positive bias from industry studies due to the fact that products tested internally that don't work will not be pursued and therefore that research is not published.
The OP's article suggests this method has lead to uncomfortable bises in the past.
Doesn't look like one-sided research, just missing evidence. So unless you can come up with clear evidence that this radiation is harmful, I'll guess we have to live with
"to date, no adverse health effects have been established
as being caused by mobile phone use"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone_radiation_and_hea...I'm just pointing out that it's a logical mistake to assume it is harmful just because some of the research was sponsored by industry.
Because private companies have strong counter-incentives to ignore or obfuscate safety issues with their products? Counter-incentives that have been shown repeatedly to have caused companies to lie, cheat, steal, and corrupt the scientific, political, and social processes in place to prevent unsafe products from being sold to the public?
Actually, no, this doesn't make sense to me. If a manufacturer is in charge of safety-testing its own product, there is an obvious conflict of interest and incentive to interpret the test result as favorable for the product as possible. (Or to tailor the product to the test)
To put it bluntly, you wouldn't put the wolf in charge of safety-testing the chicken pen either.
So especially for safety tests a publicly funded, independent institution would make sense to me. (Of course, keeping that institution independent is another problem)
A system where the company pays for the a 3rd independent party to do the testing is desirable IMO
The choice of 3rd party should be open, transparent and done by the regulating agencies.
It can be argued the risks are adequately protected against, but to say they are equal just seems like intransegence. As technologies advance the potential utility and risks raise together. Would you not be more concerned by an adversary weaponising modern GE than traditional breeding?
However, from my understanding, the regulations of GMOs are much more stringent than for other types of breeding.
You can traditionally breed a potato to have high levels of solanine and i'm not sure whether regulations would stop it from going to market.
sounds to me like an appeal to nature fallacy. The crops we grow have been modified beyond recognition from their wild counterparts. Add to that use of mutagenics to randomly mutate plant dna and that hasn't ushered any cataclysm.
That doesn't mean that there aren't any danger and you can't prove beyond doubt that any food is safe, at the end of the day its a risk vs benefit decision. The evidence shows that GE crops lead to less land use via better efficiency and reduced pesticide use.
For example, from this Guardian article: http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/feb/15/crime-t...
> Calls for the eradication of cash have been bolstered by evidence that high-value notes play a major role in crime, terrorism and tax evasion. In a study for the Harvard Business School last week, former bank boss Peter Sands called for global elimination of the high-value note.
Second, with inflation, what seems to be a high sum today may not seem so 15 years down the road.
Third, many suspect that after outlawing largest bills we will go to prohibiting largest remaining, etc.
It's already outlawed in most EU countries. In Italy the maximum cash payment is 3000 euro. In France, 1000 euro. Especially real estate is great for laundering money if cash payment is allowed.
> Second, with inflation, what seems to be a high sum today may not seem so 15 years down the road.
Inflation in the Eurozone is essentially at zero.
I am all for curbing criminal activities (somehow suspecting big ones are few steps ahead anyway), but these things have consequences for rest of the folks too.
Considering how cheques are usually welcomed in France, I strongly disagree with you. And, if a normal cheque isn't accepted, you can step into your bank and ask a bank-cheque, which is the top. Sure, you have to go to the bank, but it's just for big payments, so not that often.
How could this possibly stop any real crime?
Is there example usages of this law?
I've bought computer hardware here that totaled more then 1k when k was setting up a few services. How would that even work since it was online in France?
In France, if you don't have a bank account, you don't exist :-) Seriously, everybody just assumes you have a bank account. Otherwise, it looks fishy.
> How could this possibly stop any real crime?
Directly: hold-up is pointless with no cash. Cheques are useless and credit cards can be easily blocked.
Indirectly: the whole point of banning cash is to prevent untraceable financial transactions from being performed. This is supposed to be annoying for criminal activities.
> How would that even work since it was online in France?
I'm not sure I got your question. Please keep in mind that the threshold is on _cash_ transactions, not on every transaction. As far as it is traceable, no amount is forbidden.
Its because one keeps repeating a lie that it makes it true.
And the maximum withdrawal is 1000 euros. At last, credit cards have begun to spread.
I can't imagine why a government, while deciding its political action, should consider the opinion of someone who doesn't trust them anyway :-)
Basically any time I've had to use 200€ or 500€ notes they have basically gone quite directly from bank -> my wallet/envelope -> give some guy (buying an used car for example). The same operation could have been done easily with 50€ or 100€ notes. 500€ notes just makes it easier use/harder to spot usage of large amounts of cash. If you are doing it legally you aren't loosing anything by using 20, 50 or 100€ notes.
But I also like to keep an "emergency fund" of high denomination currency in a spare hidden wallet, in that wallet I have 10x£50, 1x€500 and 10x500SEK.
My wallet would be easier to carry if I had just one of each note type instead of 10.
Is this legal?
I ask because usually they have to accept them by law but can refuse change or something like that.
Some places limit the number of coins you can use (there were people paying fines with hundreds of coins).
Is this paranoia? I don't know, ask the people in Cyprus, Greece and Portugal.
That said, the €500 note thing is a bit of a red herring (I've never seen one in my life BTW). This is just the thin end of the wedge. The greater goal is to make cash as unattractive as possible to nudge (or force) people to use surveilled electronic cash, so as to better enforce negative interest rates, bail-ins and redenomination.
This is just the thin end of the wedge
Still a 300 000 000 000 € thin end. There are nearly two 500€ notes printed for each euro-area citizen [1]. That seems a lot to me. I have never seen one too.So these people pay everything in cash. While removing the €500 note might not impact them much, I think the €200 and lower notes are very convenient for them.
In India, those numbers would probably be much higher than in most other parts of the world.
The Indian government launched a scheme called Income Declaration Scheme 2016 [0] so that people could declare their undisclosed income.
It was recently followed by a notification [1] stating that taxes resulting from such declarations could be paid in cash.
[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Income_declaration_scheme%2C_2...
[1] https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/notification/PDFs/NT623376E...
Jokes aside cash is (IMO) very important. If you have cash in your pocket you are not vulnerable to.. how to say this.. "being fucked over" by your government or, as is the case lately, someone else's government or corporation (my mother had this happen with her paycheck). This obviously ensures the basic freedom that is more and more threatened in the modern "civilized" world.
And, again, it feels good to have cash with you. That cash represents your hard work and that hard work is quantifiable by the quantity (and color) of bills.
On a more personal note, i'd like to get paid in cash 'cuz banks are the biggest pieces of.. they are bad people doing (mostly) bad things legally.
edit: Here's a story; We had a debt with a company. That debt we settled quid pro quo as that company did some damage to our apartment. After a while that company got bought by another company and soon after we got a letter that said that we owe them money (with interest calculated in, ofc). That fell on my mother as her name was on the contract. She, being the "don't make trouble" kind of person, didn't want to sue them (and we didn't have much money to pay lawyers at the time), although she would probably win. The way those kinds of debts are payed in my country is by them sitting on your paycheck (you can pay them in cash, ofc). That goes through the government financial agency. Thing is that the amount payed shouldn't go over 2/3 of the pay you get, for obvious reasons. But said agency took her whole pay.
In other words: To whoever downvoted without explaining why s/he downvoted, you are probably a financially safe person that knows what to do (or your lawyer knows what to do) when stuff like this happens. Or in yet other words: go f yourself.
Indeed, exactly the same thing could have happened if you'd paid the debt in cash with no record of the transaction, whereas a recorded bank transfer would be hard for them to conveniently forget about.
I paid for my first car in cash because of that. It was idiotic, but physical money beats bureaucratic idiocy.
Stuffing as much in as possible does make sense. In to ATMs. Central banks have crazy trouble bringing new notes into circulation, and it costs as much to fill an ATM with 1000 €5 notes as it does to fill it with as many €20 notes.
Why should a bank fill in ATM with 5s when it can fill it with 20s? Incentives, for sure. IIRC 5s had an average life of 3 months in circulation, though the linked article suggests is is now 6 months. Larger value notes have a longer life (because smaller notes exist).
Banks have a lot of incentive to push higher value notes into ATMs, while central banks have a big desire no not let this happen all of the time.
If you're a larger business and have a good relationship with your bank, you're likely able to gain a discount on fees or the price of cash for your effort to get smaller value money into circulation. For example, if you operate machines that give paper cash in change (depending on country and regulatory environment).
The alternative to flight is fight.. The more you deprive someone of options in one direction the more often they take options in the other direction. But what kind of cold, sick people would like small arms skirmishes so much that they would fund bias towards them in international policy over decades under the guises like a pathological fear of chemicals?
If you're OK with the government keeping track of all but the most trivial financial transaction to protect against tax fraud and organised crime, why would you not be OK with them keeping track of your phone calls and where your car is (ANPR)?
You might end up selling them for 0.
On top of that it is not that easy to acquire 500€ notes: going to your regular ATM will not work because nobody has a use for these large notes except to store money.
I'm pretty confident that these notes are only there for shady if not criminal uses and nothing else. The legal uses are merely justifications for the real, forbidden ones.
Universities need to be held accountable for researchers' ethics. The article suggests that the Sugar Research Foundation merely followed the standard procedure of any other trade group, that is, this was not an isolated incident. Maybe Harvard would be more inclined to avoid such malpractice if its brand and credibility suffered from it. Universities should not act like a PR firm.
«Trained as a dentist, Kearns said she was shocked to hear a keynote speaker at a 2007 dentistry conference — on diabetes, no less — tell her there is no evidence linking sugar to chronic disease. She quit her job and devoted herself full-time to uncovering documents that show the sugar industry’s influence over public policy and science.»
This quote exemplifies Arendt's banality of evil.
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-07/inmn-pin06301...
Back in the day tobacco was a-ok by similar studies. Same for sugar.
Of course it's even worse for softer sciences (economics, social studies, urban development studies, etc.).
I don't understand your posit. Are you saying sugar would be taxed based on BS studies? The topic of discussion is that older studies have downplayed the detrimental effect of sugar, while upplaying the role of fat.
If sugar was taxed it would be according to current studies. If fat was taxed it would not be.
Is your question a thought experiment or what are you saying?
I actually do personally think that sugar is a main driver of these problems, but I get her point.
The nuances and complexities come in because of individual genetics, state of health and a myriad of interactions between the complexity of foods and their numerous and unpredictable interactions with a constantly changing system.
In order to get a better picture of health and lifestyle consequences will require close to 24x7 monitoring of many parameters (quantified self).
So, for example, it may be possible to find out allergies and almost allergies, interactions before they fully occur and inflammation promotion/reduction properties of lifestyle choices. Add software and deep learning, and there are almost endless possibilities for health and lifestyle micro- and macro-optimizations.
Yes, and imagine if regulation was done based on these wrong studies, the harm it would have caused
You would have regulated people out of good health (which is basically what corn subsidies do)
People sometimes are too quick to favour regulation
What, really, is the point?
(Looking at Food Standards Australia, the requirements on MSG are that it's declared as an ingredient with an exception if it's naturally present in the food. How is that different to what's required for sugar? http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/consumer/additives/msg/Pages...)
I think regulation is a must only in countries with free healthcare, where sick people are treated with taxpayers' money. If that's not the case, people are free to do what they please with their own health as they're the sole ones footing bill.
I don't know of any country that doesn't have a very high tax on tobacco.
Cigarettes, and the abusive tobacco industry, are a great example of why that technique fails.
Tobacco companies, and now sugar companies, are happy to spread fear, uncertainty, and doubt about the scientific evidence.
Getting a 1% tax approved and then raising it to 10% over a few years is much much easier than passing a 10% tax.
Elon Musk rants about environment. Do you think he does it out of his concern for planet or his company ?
It's absolutely rampant in the food industry.
And that's where the issue lies. Most processed foods are extremely rich in sugar and we've gotten used to their taste.
Politics and health organizations in the US are complicit.
Do people really think it's the sugar in the soda with all the literature we now have on nutrition? What about the oil laden fries, and the burgers packed with cholesterol, fat and animal protein that seem to be so popular in the western world? Most westerners I know consume overt fat and excess protein at least 2/3 meals each day then wonder why they have health problems.
I've seen more obese patients than I can count eat nothing but refined sugar, white rice, fruit juice (The Rice Diet [1]) and come out months later weighing half their original weight while reversing most, if not all of their western disease. Yet the majority of medical professionals continue to ignore the literature and clinical results that work in the LONG term.
And I know this is anecdotal - but when I traveled rural Asia, all the leanest and healthiest people I met ate nothing but rice, fruit and vegetables - it's all they could afford (the poorest of the lot just eat rice). They also have bowls of refined sugar on the table instead of salt and drink cane juice/sugary drinks like it's going out of fashion.
I personally eat 3000-4000 calories of carbohydrates each day, whether I'm training or not (cycling) and I never put on weight - I'm certainly not scared of soda. Winter just passed here, I trained probably once a week due to rain and actually weigh less than before Winter when I was training daily - most likely due to Thermogenesis [2].
Note too that de novo lipogenesis is so severely inefficient in humans [3] (even when over feeding) that it's laughable to even correlate sugar with obesity or our current health epidemic - especially when the majority are eating excess fat and protein.
I for one certainly love having my glycogen stores packed full of ready to use energy and my body producing glucose derived ATP [4,5] on the regular. And I know when I start to conk out on my bike I can just whip out an energy gel (sugar concentrate) or drink some sugar water to keep rolling.
I also imagine most folks on HN use their brain for most of the day, so don't forget to get adequate glucose on the daily to keep it humming along optimally [6].
Sugar is your best friend if you haven't already damaged your pancreas. Just make sure to get some basic nutrients and minerals from plant sources and you're good to go.
[1] https://www.drmcdougall.com/2013/12/31/walter-kempner-md-fou... [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermogenesis [3] https://www.drmcdougall.com/misc/2009nl/mar/passionate.htm [4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate_catabolism [5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_triphosphate [6] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3900881/