Akerlof's: If you don't know whether you are being sold a lemon, you probably think you are, and will only pay lemon prices. Hence brands and hence public market information openness.

Minsky: stability begets hubris begets instability in an endless cycle of humanity's economic systems. Governments need big balance sheets to sort that shit out.

Samuelson: free trade with low-wage nations could hurt workers in a high-wage country. Duh.

Keynes: beyond a point, people will not borrow any more no matter the interest rate, thank you very much. When this happens, governments should borrow (at very low rates) and spend to avoid economic malaise and collapse. They should not be austere.

Nash Equilibrium: Watch Beautiful Mind

Mundell-Fleming: A country can only ever do two of these things: fix the exchange rate, decide on interest rates, allow the free flow of capital. It's amusing when they try and do all three, or pretend to be doing something else.

Would prefer someone did a tl;dr right here.