If anyone here knows of a good source, I'd love to see it :D (If you use the word "just" or link me the docs, you're dead to me).
https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/different-rep...
It describes the various methods that are available, it lists implementations of each, it explains the tradeoffs involved, and so on. Table 25-1 summarizes the information.
Regardless of the database system being used, replication is just inherently complex. There isn't really a one-size-fits-all solution. The method to use depends on the requirements and context of a given implementation.
It starts with a comparison of the different ways available for replication.
For example, if you run with streaming replication — the recommended approach for most setups — then you can decide to enable WAL logs or not. If you only want replication, and not point-in-time recovery, then just running with WAL-less streaming replication is extremely simple and straightforward.