I'm afraid it's not going to work.

Turning vaguely defined task into something tangible is usually the most difficult, and most important part of the task, but it requires some experience.

In the beginning you need to learn the internal know-how, and this requires regular prompt answers. Otherwise, you will stay blocked and frustrated most of the time.

Remote work is fine when you already know the domain, but that's not really what intern programs are for.

That said, you can try to write design docs where you put your questions. Note that it's not really about writing a specification, but about writing down what you know and what you don't. You can speculate about answers to your questions, and this way make your manager understand what you're missing.