Yes; about 11 of them, according to the article itself. Though I assume they meant "Turkish" as in belonging to the land, Turkey, not the nation.

12,000 years... Older than our planet, according to Young Earth creationism.

Anatolian history would have been far more accurate.

Yes, not even 1000 years since the Battle of Manzikert (1071):

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Manzikert