"Excel automatically converting gene names to things like calendar dates or random numbers"
In this case, I think what is needed is some kind of rudimentary knowledge of data-types. Or perhaps more simply a scientific template which is actually plain text by default.
But how are people not noticing auto-correction and auto formatting taking place!
The only perfect solution is to hire a developer to build you a data entry system. The developer can build the system which they have no cause to entirely understand the science behind, and thus a human to take the blame for errors instead of excel.