The other services you listed benefit everyone. Everyone uses police, fire, and military services even if it's not obvious.
In terms of public health, I wouldn't consider efforts to control communicable diseases to be charity, but that's not the example in the article.
Healthcare is no different. We don't say, "Better get a bucket and some water to go with those bootstraps."
I don't understand how you can be for this but against public health care.
If a business owner or landlord doesn't want their building to burn, wouldn't they install these fire-prevention measures themselves? Wouldn't they invite the fire marshall (or a market-accredited 3rd party fire inspector) on their own? Why do we need Big Government coming in and forcing these measures on owners of private property, at the barrel of a gun, no less?
If you're saying that I benefit because the building I work at, or the store where I buy my groceries from doesn't burn down, don't I similarly benefit if my co-worker or vendor account manager doesn't get hospitalized or die from liver failure? I might not care about them personally, but losing them might hinder my ability to conduct business, as much as my place of work being shuttered due to fire. Or are people much more fungible than buildings?
And they are overridden by any local body e.g. county Fire Marshall. That varies all over the map at the whim of local electorates.
No one should wonder why the Waltons are so rich: the interstate system and welfare cover much of their logistics and payroll bill.
And if you think everyone uses police, you've clearly not talked to many black people. Generally speaking, the police won't come in a timely fashion unless you live in certain neighborhoods which break along race lines.
Everyone who doesn't grow all of their own food uses roads, IMO.
We can quibble about what roads we want to focus on and to what extent people use, overuse, or underuse, but the point is different people use the resource to different extents and yet there is a flat tax.