Before Babel, I often used to ask about code organization/modularization, mostly to filter out candidates who haven't been on a big project and have only copied and pasted jQuery snippets together; today I'd ask if you use Babel modules and why/why not.
As other people have said, closures will surely come out.
A favorite of mine is array functions: map, forEach, filter.
Also, promises, callbacks, workers.
Finally, xhr throttling.