James Hong: I think better when I'm not really thinking about it
james.hotornot.com
james.hotornot.com
People can learn to meditate. Brain scans of people who just learned "fixed point meditation" (where you stare at a dot and tune out your environment) showed up nearly identical to experienced practitioners. The only difference was that the inexperienced people couldn't hold the meditation for very long. But they appeared to be doing it right. [1]
[1] Restak, Richard. "The Naked Brain: How the Emerging Neurosociety is Changing How We Live, Work, and Love." http://www.amazon.com/Naked-Brain-Emerging-Neurosociety-Changing/dp/1400098084
So I guess the skill is to be able to reduce conscious focus to free up access to your subconscious at opportune times. In my college days, I used to do this at inopportune moments, such as driving home. On several occasions, I would drive right by my apartment and basically start getting lost before realizing I had been in "subconscious" mode and had no idea where I was going.
An excellent way to access your subconscious is hard-core exercise. I've had the experience when swimming many laps, biking up a mountain, or cross-country skiing where I hit "the zone", the moment when your body is taking you with very little mental effort. That is when the subconscious flys and you can really solve some of the hardest problems.
I think sleep-deprivation is also a way to reduce conscious focus. I've hatched many integrations when running on too little sleep. There is the "sleeper's high" period which is especially good for subconscious work. Beware, however, of the big low you can get afterward. Push it too far, and you can get downright depressed. My record to date is 72 hours of focused work with very few breaks. I would have made it even longer if I hadn't bent over to tie my shoes after a shower - I woke up several hours later. (The good old college days.) The key to surviving the sleep deprivation lows is to work on really exciting and inspirational problems.
It's not exactly practical to swim 20 laps then sit down and do some design or development, even if you could bring your laptop to the pool.
But yeah, metacognition techniques are basically metaprogramming for your brain.