Carriers don't travel by themselves, and are heavily defended by anti-missile/plane/sub/etc installations and supporting vessels.
They may not last an entire war, but they will probably last as long as needed to tip the scale. It's more likely the carrier's aircraft will be lost before the carrier.
https://warisboring.com/the-u-s-navy-s-big-mistake-building-...
A modern war with another major nation likely won't last months or years like traditional wars. There's too much destructive firepower available to major nations for that to be realistic.
It's more likely that it will be destructive, brutal, and very swift.
Not to mention Rickover said that nearly 40 years ago - our modern carrier groups have a lot more firepower and technology at their disposal - including new generation stealthy ships.
Aren't we past the point where giant war machines have much effectiveness when it comes to actual global war between 1st world nation-states?