Zapping Their Brains at Home
nytimes.com
nytimes.com
I am glad that there is at least an attempt here to engage and warn people. (If I were interested in doing this, I would definitely heed the warning myself!)
Having said that, we ultimately have to remember and respect the right to individual self-determination, as well as the incredible value of openness in scientific research.
While I'm not willing to do this to myself, what if these people are onto something, and their experimentation leads to something that enriches our world? (I'm not saying that it's likely, but it is possible.) It's not anyone's place to do much more than warn them, as has been done, and then to let them be.
A key word is informed consent. Research by its nature is conservative and small steps.
There's a whole world of bioethics out there & it's a common undergraduate major, to continue this discussion :)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unethical_human_experimentatio...
Personally, I'd chose to trade those events for whatever scientific advancements were gained. But I think you're probably referring to things besides human subjects research, which is a different story.
You can't determine if they're justified until you've also looked at their costs.
You could expand this to say that not wearing a seat-belt should be made legal or that all drugs should be made legal or many other things where informed consent should be made legal. The problem is that not only many people are less responsible or intelligent than you might be, their irresponsibility can lead to harming other people. Suppose the effects of a person experimenting on themselves might cause some temporary loss of focus or control as a direct result and this would happen while they were driving or operating heavy machinery etc. There is a certain balance between personal freedom and laws that limit it, and sometimes this balance is not in favor of a minority that don't need the law, but it has to apply to all.
Again, I don't agree with the above argument - just think one should be ready for it when it is given.
http://kuow.org/post/electricity-could-boost-your-kids-brain...
But the argument isn't about legality. It's whether scientists should work with these people. They are going to brain zap anyway. The scientists have nothing to lose by collecting their data. They could also give helpful warnings and information to limit the harm.
But above all don't call them idiots for trying this. There are desperate people with serious conditions that are willing to take a small risk for anything that might help their condition. The medical system is very slow, conservative, and risk averse, in adopting new treatments. So people that want better treatments are forced to take it into their own hands. If doctors offered this treatment today, this wouldn't be an issue.
http://www.brainstimjrnl.com/article/S1935-861X(15)00857-8/a...
> Methods
> Single-session tDCS data in healthy adults (18–50) from every cognitive outcome measure reported by at least two different research groups in the literature was collected. Outcome measures were divided into 4 broad categories: executive function, language, memory, and miscellaneous. To account for the paradigmatic variability in the literature, we undertook a three-tier analysis system; each with less-stringent inclusion criteria than the prior. Standard mean difference values with 95% CIs were generated for included studies and pooled for each analysis.
> Results
> Of the 59 analyses conducted, tDCS was found to not have a significant effect on any – regardless of inclusion laxity. This includes no effect on any working memory outcome or language production task.
Evolution might be dumb (i.e., non-intelligent). But it has had millions of years to optimise an electric channel. Give that some credit. We cannot sit down with current tools to push the envelope with just decades of (mis)understanding.
How does that fit into your theory? It seems like glasses are an improvement over nature, using very simple (by modern terms) technology.
The counter example might be that we evolved to conserve energy. Now that we have basically limitless calories, some parameters set by evolution may not be optimal.
There are also things like stimulants that seem to make people better able to focus on the task they want. Evolutionary this is probably suboptimal. Doing boring work without reward is probably a waste of energy other resources, and you should go find a task that is rewarding. IIRC hunter gatherers were found have higher rates of ADHD genes. Now being able to focus on boring tasks is a requirement for success, and ADHD is a huge curse.
The topic has appeared on HN other times, but never getting >=10 comments.
It's ironic to think that given everything we think we know about how the brain functions , such a gross and simple procedure as wiring a battery to your head or inducing a magnetic field would have such strong and even beneficial effects.
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=transcranial+magnetic+s...
An interesting example would be the treatment of migraines, and or focal epilepsy using TMS. Migraine treatment with TMS, is believed to set the brain in a controlled firing rhythm, whereas migraines are believed to be caused by uncoordinated neural firing similar to epilepsy but in a milder form.
Recently the FDA has approved such a treatment: http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/uc...
The closest I think they can get, is to provide normal medical treatment for the complications which arise.
Since the magnetic approach induces the current, it seems more likely to work.
"A number of distinguished scientists have indulged in self-experimentation, including at least five Nobel laureates; in several cases, the prize was awarded for findings the self-experimentation made possible. Many experiments were dangerous; various people exposed themselves to pathogenic, toxic or radioactive materials. Some self-experimenters, like Jesse Lazear and Daniel Alcides Carrión, died in the course of their research."
You generally need to see a doctor or prescribing nurse on a monthly basis in order to get a prescription. The value of this visit seems to be fairly low, however; all of the monitoring they do is purely through self reporting, so they are relying on someone going through complex mental issues to self report accurately about whether something is helping or hurting. I have never once had a provider actually perform any kind of testing to determine if any part of my cognition has improved or declined with the use of these drugs.
These are powerful drugs with strong side effects and withdrawal effects. Even with just self reporting, I feel like my providers frequently brush off issues I report; as long as I'm not having severe physical side effects, they figure it's fine.
Then I had my prescribing nurse quit, and my therapist quit shortly afterwards, right before I moved to a new state and had to switch primary care providers at the same time. Of course, it can take months to go through the enrollment process, wait for medical records to get transferred, wait to find an available appointment, and so on.
This gap in coverage led me not to be able get my prescriptions filled, and thus had to deal with the fairly severe withdrawal symptoms while in the middle of dealing with a fairly stressful move. I had to take some time off work because I couldn't think straight, due to the combined withdrawal effects and stress of the move, and spend a lot of time scrambling begging various people to make appointments soon to get temporary prescription refills, before eventually just giving up and deciding to finish going through withdrawal.
Given that kind of background, of how poorly managed and frustrating to deal with drug-based therapies are, I can see the appeal to self-controlled therapies that don't rely on this complex, fragile, and overbooked network of licensed medical providers.
That said, I wouldn't try this kind of thing out on myself; one of my complaints about the drug based therapies is that they are entirely based on self-reported outcomes, and I find that lack of any kind of rigorous testing of whether they are effective or whether they are having unintended consequences in other areas of cognition quite troubling. But I can see the appeal of having something that doesn't rely on this fairly unreliable and in many cases unhelpful network of medical providers.
I'm in the UK, on prescription with a fixed dose. When the tablets run out I'm responsible for renewal. Part of the problem with my "condition(s)" is memory troubles, my short term memory is terrible. I also have anxiety on communicating using the telephone.
The system is fine if one can manage oneself; I can't do that sufficiently.
What I don't understand is why, as the Doctor has prescribed a long-term regime of tablets and the dose is fixed, why there's no system to order my medication and then notify me. Now I realise that not re-ordering if it's not needed is an efficiency but if I've not reordered and the Doctor hasn't OK-ed it then something is going wrong in my life that medical authorities need to know to treat me: like I've been hospitalised, or I'm suffering flu-like symptoms (withdrawal) and starting to get encroaching thoughts of self-harm and suicide.
Last time I collected my medication the pharmacy (not physically connected to the doctor's clinic) told me I had to call the doctor for a in-person review. Took me a month to drum up the courage to phone them, first available appointment was 3 weeks away.
Now, I consider myself to be quite healthy, generally capable, not really that ill. There doesn't seem to be anything in place to allow this system (of review and medication acquisition) to take account of how my condition disables me from using the system. If I had severe memory loss I don't see how I'd manage at all - I presume I'd be treated differently and that I'm just falling through the gaps a little because my condition is not so severe.
TL;DR observations on impact of mental health on using UK health services.
Indeed, depression medication appears to be done on an individual trial-and-error basis. You go to the doctor and say, you think the medication is screwing you up and they give you something else to try, rinse and repeat. Seems lacking in rigour.
Moreover, and perhaps more importantly-- I have tried it plenty of times and have never experienced any negative effects.