Solar harvesting in space sounds really cool, but how do you get that power back to earth? Even if there were a way, it's not necessary or effective. He's said very clearly that you could just have a giant square of solar panels in the desert and it would power the whole country. Why bother putting them in space? No advantage.
However, SolarCity IS likely to provide the panels for SpaceX's satellites, of course. So there is that form of solar harvesting in space.
Solar power collected on earth is just using energy that is already being delivered to the surface -- no net change.
This has been investigated several times and the most promising technique involves using maser downlinks to transfer the energy.
> He's said very clearly that you could just have a giant square of solar panels in the desert and it would power the whole country.
Ok that's a start. That takes care of the energy needs of 3.5% of the Earth's population, once they have sufficient storage capacity to see them through the night.
Geostationary space-based solar collection can work 24 hours per day, with much higher efficiency and minimal storage requirements, right over the areas of peak demand even when the ground is obscured by rain and cloud. No deserts required.
Come to think of it, if you can transfer the energy... Just put the reactors in space?