Wealth, Health, and Child Development: Evidence from Swedish Lottery Players
qje.oxfordjournals.org
qje.oxfordjournals.org
Pretty much the same as in the 19th century US:
Sons of winners have no better adult outcomes (wealth, income, literacy) than the sons of non-winners, and winners' grandchildren do not have higher literacy or school attendance than non-winners' grandchildren. This suggests only a limited role for family financial resources in the transmission of human capital across generations and a potentially more important role for other factors that persist through family lines.
What would most likely happen is people would take the penalty, or memorize the data in the class long enough to pass the test, then forget it all then and spend it how they were going to anyway.
There's the question of whether or not it will be spent appropriately, which raises the prospect of whether or not there are a class of people whose economic decisions ought be made for them. Or rather, what additional classes of people exist meeting that criterion, as we already hold that children, the senile, and various handicapped individuals cannot see after their own affairs.
I guess another solution would be to earmark some amount of the funds for rent or provide vouchers for housing or other services.
There's also the matter of windfall wealth to corporations or countries. Dutch diseaase, resource curse, etc.
I'm not making this up. This was his existence for most of his life. He would see his weekly/monthly/whatever BI check as a lottery.
There are many people like him. They would not, in any way, spend the money appropriately. I firmly believe that anyone pushing for BI has never met anyone like my brother.
I say this as someone who lived in a four person family that lived on a single welfare check for years. There is a huge cultural difference between those who are systemically poor, situationally poor, and the upper class.
Learning upper class behaviors -- and unlearning my 'poor person' behaviors -- has had an immensely positive effect on my life and the way that I handle situations.
I'd be interested to read more of your thoughts on this based on your observations.
My dad came from a family of systemic poverty. Money was something to be spent. Ironically, he was in charge of saving money for our family, which understandably went poorly. He tanked nearly all of our money in the dot com boom.
One of the biggest things that stands out to me in retrospect was how little respect he had for his body, especially as a manual laborer. Rather than trying to preserve the resource that he used to make money, he broke his back (doing absolutely dumb things) twice. At this point he was functionally unable to work, and became a stay at home parent because it was the only option left to him. There was no backup plan. He'd dropped out of high school to go to Vietnam, and hadn't saved money in a safe way in case of a catastrophe -- even after one had already struck. Rather than a safe, well diversified plan, all of our money that was not immediately spent was put into tech stocks. And then the dot com bubble hit.
People who are systemically poor are more likely to be content with a good gig, even if it is not sustainable. They are less likely to hedge against risk in this situation as well.
This showed in other areas as well. For example, he'd lost all of his teeth by 40.
My mother on the other hand was situationally poor -- her father's family had a good bit of money, but he passed away very young leaving her and her two siblings with a single mother, who worked in public schools. My mom pursued a degree in journalism, while her brother went into tech. While in school, she dropped out to become an administrative assistant for a large uranium company that was paying more than she was looking at as a journalism grad.
People who are situationally poor are willing to take low risk opportunities with a good reward (take a job that pays more, leave school -- if it works then that's great, if not then you head back to school with more money as a buffer). They are less likely to make a career out of things that use your body as a resource, as such careers are usually unsustainable.
Upper class people I've met are far more likely to take high risk opportunities, even without a buffer. A decision my wife and I made that I think is a more 'upper class' decision was moving to Seattle without much of a financial buffer and no jobs, because we thought it had a very good chance of being the best payoff for our degrees. It's a decision that has accelerated both of our careers and earnings immensely.
Upper class people network. A lot. While they are born into connections, I'm shocked at how few people (myself included) have not picked up the networking skill.
Upper class people are also more likely to understand that their brain/body is a resource that needs to be taken care of to have personal and economic success. For instance, attitudes towards consumption of media, food, and learning materials is something that is shockingly different.
There's a reason why when you read about the success that upper class people have had, there's usually very little mention of television, and an extreme amount of "i used to read a lot."
I considered myself to be someone who read a lot, and compared to my peers I did, but when I'm hanging out with people who grew up in this culture, I'm simply unable to keep up with the amount of references that they make.
There's more, but this has gone on for longer than I was expecting it to, and of course it's all just my opinions and observations.
If you boarded that same train today those one or two exceptions are likely to be in business class.
- "Genome-Wide Estimates of Heritability for Social Demographic Outcomes" http://www.gwern.net/docs/genetics/2016-domingue.pdf - "Polygenic Influence on Educational Attainment: New Evidence From the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health" http://ero.sagepub.com/content/1/3/2332858415599972, Domingue et al 2015 - "Genetic influence on family socioeconomic status and children's intelligence" http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3907681/, Trzaskowski et al 2014 - "Genetic link between family socioeconomic status and children's educational achievement estimated from genome-wide SNPs" http://www.nature.com/mp/journal/v21/n3/full/mp20152a.html, Krapohl & Plomin 2016 - "Molecular genetic contributions to socioeconomic status and intelligence", Marioni et al 2014 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160289614... - "Molecular genetic contributions to social deprivation and household income in UK Biobank (_n_=112,151" http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/03/09/043000, Hill et al 2016 (correlation graph https://pbs.twimg.com/media/CdMobKRXEAEMkmi.jpg:large - "Height, body mass index, and socioeconomic status: Mendelian randomisation study in UK Biobank" http://www.bmj.com/content/352/bmj.i582, Tyrrell et al 2016 - "The Genetics of Success: How Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated With Educational Attainment Relate to Life-Course Development" http://www.gwern.net/docs/genetics/2016-belsky.pdf, Belsky et al 2016 - "Poverty and Behavior: Are Environmental Measures Nature and Nurture?" http://emilkirkegaard.dk/en/wp-content/uploads/Poverty-and-B..., Rowe & Rodgers 1997 - "Signaling and Productivity in the Private Financial Returns to Schooling" http://paulbingley.com/papers/signals-manuscript.pdf, Bingley et al 2015 (highly unusual design - "Do Jobs Run in Families?" https://research.facebook.com/blog/do-jobs-run-in-families-/ - "Intelligence: Is it the epidemiologists' elusive 'fundamental cause' of social class inequalities in health?" https://pingpong.ki.se/public/pp/public_courses/course07397/..., Gottfredson 2004
"SES": Socioeconomic status, assumed from context.
"GWAS": Genome-wide association study
More: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome-wide_complex_trait_an...
It really helps to expand acronyms on first use.
Second time you've posted on this. You may know what you're discussing, those of us trying to catch up don't.
This one kills me. It is an absurdly common belief among laymen that investing == stock picking.
E-Trade advertises on Nickelodeon. Vanguard doesn't.
Force people into a classroom, and they will learn nothing.
I see similar things all the time, like various schemes to force parents to go to PTA meetings, laws to force people to vote, etc. Utopia cannot be created this way.
It's not the actual wealth that matters but how long the family have had it. When you raise children you build their character and their ability to deal with a bunch of different complex choices in life.
You can't really be using lottery winners to say anything that what happens to lottery winners.
I am, uh, pretty sure that people do claim all the time that money is a pretty big issue and this is why we need more income equality and welfare and jobs.
Yet there is a huge difference between someone who was born to "wealth" and someone who won, our whose parents won, a lottery. And many of those differences specifically relate to safeguards that protect and grow a wealthy-person's wealth.
Various differences between the "wealthy"and those who just happened to come upon a large windfall of money:
* The wealthy usually have an (often inherited) network of financial advisors, people investing their money, and lawyers, all of whom stand between them and bad decisions
* The wealthy are typically surrounded by a culture that has always been rich, so has always been able to afford universities and good health, and so can afford to value these highly
* The wealthy are usually surrounded by other wealthy people, who are not usually expecting (justly or not) financial favors (e.g. a brother who needs medical debt paid off)
* The psychological difference between growing up rich or working for a high salary, versus a sudden unexpected windfall our of the blue, must be immense.
Clearly there are differences between lottery winners and those who are wealth by other means, so you can't take the former, see that their life outcomes don't improve, and conclude that money over all doesn't have an effect on these measures. Just that lottery money doesn't.
You see health differences no matter who you define as 'richer' or 'poorer', throughout the general population, in ordinary people. Yes, in the normal people you pass on the street, who have no 'financial advisors' other than their uncle who has some hot stock tips (although I suppose he would count as 'inherited'), who have no 'people investing their money' unless they are unusually prudent and have some Vanguard savings, who are not 'able to afford universities and good health', and so on. The person making $5k a year is less healthy than the person making $20k a year is less healthy than the person making $50k a year, and so on. Where are the monocles and secret cultural rituals there? None of these people 'grew up rich', so you should still see benefits when the $20k person wins a few thousand bucks in the lottery, if the causal effect here is through the money. But you don't.
<< The wealthy usually have an (often inherited) network of financial advisors, people investing their money, and lawyers, all of whom stand between them and bad decisions >>
More often than not these advisors and lawyers are experts at extracting outrageous annual fees in return for mediocre advice. All you need is a Fidelity account and a few index funds. If you read this book (https://www.amazon.com/Bogleheads-Guide-Investing-Taylor-Lar...) then you will be a more successful investor than the majority of wealthy white collar professionals.
<< The wealthy are typically surrounded by a culture that has always been rich, so has always been able to afford universities and good health, and so can afford to value these highly >>
Thanks to the point above, wealth (with rare exceptions) doesn't survive more than one or two generations, which would present some headwind to this second argument. I spent my childhood split between Manhattan and San Diego. Most of my friends from Manhattan are the descedants of Jews who emigated either immediately before or immediately after the holocaust, very few with any substantial assets. If by rich culture you mean a focus on education, ambition, and professional achievement, then yes, I agree with you. Most of my friends who lived in California had parents who moved there from the midwest in the 60s and 70s and struck it rich as the state was developing, and so much money was made over the next few decades that it didn't seem to matter how much you started with.
<< The wealthy are usually surrounded by other wealthy people, who are not usually expecting (justly or not) financial favors (e.g. a brother who needs medical debt paid off) >>
A wealthy social circle can trap you into a lifestyle that is extremely expensive to maintain. Only my wealthy friends call and invite me on trips that cost $10k+ per person or to fundraising dinners at several thousand dollars a plate. My ''median income'' friends are ecstatic if I pick up a couple hundred dollar bar tab. Assuming you don't allow your family to blatantly take advantage of your wealth to fuel their unnecessary consuming spending, I actually think blue collar millionaires have it ''easier'' here.
<< The psychological difference between growing up rich or working for a high salary, versus a sudden unexpected windfall our of the blue, must be immense. >>
Here I agree with you 100%. Easy come, easy go. It's hard to appreciate what you didn't work really hard for. I see this attitude among lottery winners and heirs alike.
http://freakonomics.com/podcast/would-a-big-bucket-of-cash-r...
It would be more interesting to see this study in a county with low social net and great income inequality like the USA or in a poor county.