Its not like these cars caused direct damage to the environment that can be cleaned up, they're still relatively low in emissions compared to a lot of other cars on the road.
Its not like these cars caused direct damage to the environment that can be cleaned up, they're still relatively low in emissions compared to a lot of other cars on the road.
It's not just VW owners who were lied to. It's everyone who had to breathe the air around them.
What really kills you though, is in establishing mens rea, because it's absolutely impossible. Since consumers could not have known that emissions were falsified, they could not have had the intent to harm you for profit. Again here you slightly benefit from the lower burden of intent on civil cases, as negligence or recklessness can count, but that's out the window on the facts, as the owner was specifically choosing a lower emissions vehicle in the first place, presumably so that they would be killing their brethren less, or less quickly.
The people who own the cars breathed in the pollution too. Almost certainly more than people who did not own one.
(That must be reason #192845 why "capitalist healthcare" doesn't work: often, you only need it because other peoples actions require you to, and they're not paying for it.)
The extra $5,000/car could have been put towards planting trees, cleaning up an ex-industrial site, shingling San Francisco's city hall with solid gold...