I was tricked on Facebook into downloading an obfuscated script
security.stackexchange.com
security.stackexchange.com
IF I am running up-to-date versions of Windows and Chrome, and I click on this link, is it game over? Or do I get another chance to refuse installation of whatever malware is in the payload?
I interpret that as it started downloading when clicking the notification but the picked answer suggests otherwise.
The post outlines in some detail a common attack done by some actors known as BePush/Killim. I made a request for help in fighting these clowns months ago on a private security working group. Here's the post below which outlines a good amount of detail about the hacks and motives. If you are interested in tracking these actors yourself, it's pretty easy once you find one of their command and control servers.
Example: https://www.passivetotal.org/passive/userexperiencestatics.n...
From there, we can see the actors are using Cloudflare to obfuscate their infrastructure, but we can make a pivot based on the WhosAmongUs IDs (dsafagegg2 [1] and dsafagegg [2]) in order to find more websites owned by these guys. It's a rats nest that extends to hundreds of domains registered weekly. Servers are typically hosted in places where legal action is difficult meaning the attacks seldom stop or go down completely.
[1] https://www.passivetotal.org/trackers/WhosAmungUsId/dsafagegg2
[2] https://www.passivetotal.org/trackers/WhosAmungUsId/dsafagegg
-----------------------------------------------As promised, below is a quick high-level summary of the malware outlined in the subject. We've been dealing with the malware for months and while some would call is spam, we consider it malware simply because any of the executables or Chrome extensions could be changed to steal passwords, credit cards or every document off a system. We welcome any help in dealing with these actors and would also be interested in new ways to combat malicious extensions, both Chrome and Firefox as those are only increasing in usage.
If you would like more information on the technical details of the binaries, extensions or other loaders, feel free to shoot me a message. If there's enough interest, I will just spam the list, but would prefer to keep this to the higher level points, so others gain a better understanding of the threat.
-= Summary =-
BePush is a set of Turkish-based actors who use innovative techniques to spread malicious code and spam through social networking sites and ad-based networks. Those involved in the development of BePush malware are constantly adjusting their TTPs to account for changes in detection or disruption. Actors favor multiple levels of obfuscation through the use of short-url redirectors, third-party hosting providers and multi-stage payloads. Despite high infection rates, local law enforcement has yet to take an interest in pursuing those actors involved.
-= Infection Process =-
Based on our logs, primary infection processes tend to occur through direct traffic, followed by Facebook and various ad providers. Shortened URL links are shared among users which typically traverse through a series of redirects to a landing page mimicking Facebook infrastructure and using porn as a lure to install a plug-in. Depending on the attacker behavior, payloads may be delivered in the form of a Google Chrome extension (hosted within the store) or through an executable (likely AutoHotkey, but could be Pyinstaller based) that later replaces Chrome with a version of Chromium with their malicious extension.
Once installed, malicious code will make use of the Facebook Graph API in order to make requests/posts on behalf of the infected user using a stolen access token. In order to establish a high infection count, the malicious code will often create pages with malicious links, post statuses/comments to the user's friends and spam within certain application pages. Once the spreading routine completes, the process generally begins again with the infected user's friends.
-= Motives and Capabilities =-
It appears the primary motivation for the BePush actors is the money gained through the sale of Facebook likes, followers or various ad-network and affiliate partners. In some cases, Facebook observed BePush actors including a bundled bitcoin miner, but it never appeared to gain much popularity.
From a capabilities perspective, actors involved with BePush appear to pay attention to how their code is detected. When numbers begin to dwindle, changes to the code or 3rd-party providers are made. Actors demonstrate a level of understanding in .Net programming, Python, JavaScript and techniques used to detect spam. We have also observed the actors repurposing browser exploits, but we never saw these used against users.
-= Third-Party Provider Usage =-
BePush favors the use of free and open infrastructure in order to keep their campaigns alive long enough to get a strong infection foothold. The following providers have been observed in some capacity:
- Amazon AWS - Used for hosting content
- Dropbox - Used to host binaries
- Box.com (http://box.com/) - Used to host binaries
- Bitly - Used for redirection
- Tinyurl - Used for redirection
- Godaddy - Used for redirection
- WhosAmungUs - Used for campaign tracking
- Stellar - Used for bitcoin wallet hosting
- Imgur - Used for redirection
- Dot.tk - Used for redirection
- Google - Used for redirection, Chrome extensions and binary hosting
- CloudFlare - Used to obfuscate real infrastructure
- Microsoft Azure - Used to host binaries
-= Detection and Research =-BePush has a limited set of providers they prefer to use and through industry relationships, we have been able to put pressure on the attackers. Here are a couple items we noticed when doing disruption work that helped in making a larger impact against the group.
Using passive DNS data to identify other domains sitting on the same IP address (these guys don't use a lot of unique servers) Use ESET (Facebook) or Microsoft (Kilim) AV signatures to identify new binaries being used Polling whos.amung.us (http://whos.amung.us/) tracking pixels in order to identify/gauge recent campaigns Reaching out to 3rd-parties with domain and hash combination for takedown
-= Reference Hashes and Domains =-
www[.]filmgetir[.]com
https://www.virustotal.com/en/file/9e4484240df6e891b2a07c1ff2345e0864dd8b54e005c58388c6556cdc7cc120/analysis/
www[.]kingtr[.]click
https://www.virustotal.com/en/file/9e4484240df6e891b2a07c1ff2345e0864dd8b54e005c58388c6556cdc7cc120/analysis/
www[.]pornokan[.]com
https://www.virustotal.com/en/file/c5eeef4da2c64e8633b1f00745fecb0b692be27d4b615df086201754b07ebe60/analysis/
https://www.virustotal.com/en/file/3566452da48ba0fa31b11deae561b4d5f2a1385e83fd5537a021e75b649664b6/analysis/
https://www.virustotal.com/en/file/1a0163780f07aeaafd9e94fbe628b3f354b25afbec1f7c6e6e401cc7c06d909a/analysis/
https://www.virustotal.com/en/file/b216915643628834acd60e7ae9647e51baca636d8b05ea66857d40c9d04172a8/analysis/
https://www.virustotal.com/en/file/80d9d1df0d859fe6759bba7077be1a15eea477774c91e789e9d5988f19f0a023/analysis/
https://www.virustotal.com/en/file/940bc772a2e301e15a326e667a318942dd840149afa4031245dd125c645330ab/analysis/http://whos.amung.us/stats/pingjse3462 http://whos.amung.us/stats/pingjse346
This title suggests Facebook is doing this, even though it's clearly a malware exploit
Submitters: please use the original title unless it is misleading or linkbait. That's in the site guidelines (https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html). Making a title more misleading and linkbait is the wrong direction!
(Submitted title was 'Facebook tricked me into downloading an obfuscated script'.)
Actually the dynamic rewrite thing has only ever come up significantly with NYT, who do that all the time.
When it happens to me, as soon as I realize I say "sorry" and close the door.
When my door rings unexpectedly, I'm more worried it might be someone I know, as I'm usually in the middle of my work day, as in hacking stuff in my underwear.
With email I used to politely say, "I'm not interested" to the spammer's email. (I've been on the other side, and it's tough work) Then I realized that it's just feeding the beast, so I usually ignore and mark as spam.
The reality of an emergency situation where someone I know has me listed as an ICE contact and someone else calls on their behalf from an unknown number is that I cannot do much to help them in a situation that a minute or two of phone-tag would introduce. That's what 911 and other emergency services are for. If you are ever in a situation where you come across someone that has just sustained major injury, who are you going to call first? Their children or spouse to let them know of the situation, or medical help via 911? I'd hope you would chose the latter to get them the critical medical help they need before you inform someone else of the situation.
I don't normally block numbers, just let them voicemail me if I don't recognize it, but if a spammer will double-call like that I'll block them, and it means I'll pick up for emergencies.
I suspect they're generally working on some pretty razor-thin margins with these things nowadays [1], and chasing someone who didn't twitch at the bait is probably a losing proposition for them.
[1]: Between all the easy competition and the incurred legal risks. Legal risk is a funny thing because you're basically rolling the dice on being able to collect money without getting in trouble. I wouldn't be surprised a full and honest accounting including legal risks yields a negative net expectation for phone spammers, it's just that even so, some people will get lucky and "win".
I have. Most of my spam calls have been of the "Rachel from Cardholder Services" variety - and while they usually dial from different numbers to give me the same damn spiel, a few times I have been double-dialed from the same number.
They do not prevent the network from connecting to you, only prevent your device from triggering during the call, instead it will be silently ignored.
I often go out without my phone, have the ringer off, have a dead battery, or ignore the ringing because I'm driving. It's ridiculous to assume that I'm instantly available 100% of the time, or that I wouldn't treat different incoming numbers with different priorities.
Maybe iOS 10 has added enough functionality on the call screen APIs to allow it (I haven't honestly checked), but up until now there hasn't been a way to tie into calls like that without actually writing an entire VoIP backend so you could control the complete call flow.
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.truecaller...
The last time this happened, I technically wasn't on the lease, so my wife discouraged me from following them around the building, introducing myself to the neighbors and breaking their spiel.
Oddly, Jehovah's Witnesses have been the only people to ignore it. I've watched Mormons walk up and turn away, though.
If we have to get up and pray, we do not have freedom to pray. People who refuse to stand up to pray at the beginning of a rodeo are people we have to be grateful for.
They evangelize, but its more of ideology that concerns religion rather than just a belief. The main problem with atheism is the definition: absence of religion, this is such a derogatory word as if believing in deities should be the norm. Agnostic is even worse seat: declaring that you have no clue but probably are somewhat spiritual. If you don't like religion say proudly that you are antitheist!
Well, de facto, it IS the norm. And it has been so for a long time
It isn't, and it's insulting to say so: You're imposing a category on people based on deliberately misunderstanding their worldview. Atheists say their lack of belief isn't a belief, and saying otherwise is insulting.
It is possible to be religious in your science-based beliefs, but that does not make science itself a religion. If someone believes something only because "scientists" said so then they share many of the qualities of religions. I would shy away from calling even this a religion, however, as these people are willing to change their belief if the scientific consensus changes.
Furthermore, merely evangelising is not enough to make something a religious belief and it would be an abuse of the language to conflate them in that way. It is completely reasonable to evangelise scientific ideas, and it would be wrong to label that act as a religious one.
Atheism is not science, but it shares a common tenet; both atheists and scientists are willing to change their belief if shown appropriate evidence. Atheists can evangelise for many reasons, but those reasons need not be religious. For example, atheists may believe that religious teachings promote the worst aspects of tribalism and actively harm our society. An atheist can evangelise that the argument "My god is better than your god" is a pointless source of discontent in the world, and want to remove the source of that discontent, without being religious.
Of course, there will be people who shout "you're wrong because SCIENCE!!" but the religious nature of those people doesn't magically transfer to the beliefs they hold simply because they hold them.
Mormons are more fun for this, but Jehovah's Witnesses are a laugh riot.
Apatheistic Agnostic. You're not concerned with the issue, it's too big and universal and we're too human. You're not convinced of anything, and frankly, since whatever does or doesn't come after this is inevitable and inescapable, what's the point of endless debate during our finite lives?
Who knows?... and who could even know? No one, that's who.
Actually I call myself an apathist among my friends. I don't care if there's a god, but if there is one, I doubt if it cares about me, and I doubt that it cares whether I believe in it or not.
It seems related, but stronger:
"I don't know if there exists supernatural, however I have no reason to believe the supernatural will ever effect me."
That's what atheism means: Lack of dogmatism. You're an atheist.
I'm assuming that by capital A, versus lowercase a; atheists, you are trying to underscore the differences between people who understand that religion is a hoax but it doesn't affect me right now so I'll let it pass, and those who have been directly affected by religion and it's evils and see no other way but to fight it as hard as they push it?
I will try to explain why this is bad: engaging the mentally ill in their delusions is not only mean (you don't believe their crazy stories, so why listen to them?) it's bad for society as a whole, because this is a untreated mental illness that is totally treatable and it's being spread because people refuse to treat it as a mental illness and instead say, believe what you want.
why is it bad to allow the masses to remain ignorant?
you (hopefully) wouldn't teach your children that the world is flat, because you were educated against such teachings.
you wouldn't teach a medical student about the human body without allowing them to learn about the human body by cutting it open and studying it.
you wouldn't let your neighbor spray your yard with ddt (hopefully) because a higher being told him it was safe.
you wouldn't take advice from someone on the Internet without first researching the topic (we all do)
yet we'll freely entertain the insanity of religion because why? so many people believe it?
we all thought the world was flat, the human body was designed by God and shouldn't be examined, sprayed ddt right in our children's faces, and still take advice from strangers on the Internet without doing research because, we're sheep (hanlons razor).
it's all stupidity, and fear. we're all alone, there is no guidebook and we're so painfully self aware.
when you have No explanation, any explanation seems possible.
the world is not flat, but knowing we knew, was comforting.
anyways, what was I trying to get at?
don't let them in. keep them very far away from you.
if you want to help change the world, be proactive. openly challenge religious beliefs any time they are presented. it could get you killed. it will get you beaten.
but we all have a duty to further the human species, and putting us second to imaginary beings is not exactly the way to go about it IMO.
They're people in my community. I like to be friendly with my neighbors, if not actual friends.
Now, I'll concede that religion is a manmade concept, usually a way for those who seek power over others to achieve it. But faith and religion are two completely different things. There are those who believe in a higher power (God? Gods? Spirits? Aliens? Cthulhu?) who are anti-religion, just as there are those who have no true faith in a higher power but use religion to further an agenda (militant extremists and terrorists come to mind, both foreign and domestic).
To put it another way, religion is an institution, faith is human nature. You have faith in the words you wrote; does that make you mentally ill? No, of course not, you just come off as having a huge chip on your shoulder and a predisposition for painting everyone in a billions-strong group with the same brush.
But that's a typical human flaw, not a documented mental illness.
while I agree I think faith is a bit more than just human nature, I think it's a mechanism developed over centuries to deal with the unknown while our minds continued to expand to understand the unknown.
I think of it as a bug, maybe a little hack that was put in to deal with situations that defy explanation. it helps us come up with explanations, it has a function to deal with unexplained events without loosing our mental model of the world.
faith is like a shim, there is a piece of a mental model that doesn't exist and doesn't fit with your platform, so faith exists as a way into shim that difference into your code base.
religion is code that takes advantage of the shim. however religion is a virus and it takes over your other mental faculties, weakening them. introducing functions that make no sense, but will continue to run until your mind finds a place for them.
there are several ways to take advantage of the faith bug but you can see patterns for different types of systems that use faith hooks to make calls to your reason centers and overrides their output. the more these calls override the reason centers the less they are used.
now the point at which the faith bug is the most susceptible to being utilized is during the brains formative years, and this tactic is used incredibly frequently.
so I see and agree with your point that religion is an institution and faith is a function of humanity, but faith is a bug that can be patched and I also would argue that faith is too broad a term for the reasoning functionality of the brain.
faith is a good word to use when we lack the proper terms, but personal and religious faith are a small subset of the entire faith function and I think it needs to be broken up into its requisite parts.
and maybe the overall function that applies to religion in context to faith is world-model_update(previous_model, new_viewpoint, contextual_conviction/external_conviction) and It seems to me that there is early injection malware in religious code and buffer overflow tricks when you can't get the early injection code to work.
thanks for the reply :)
I can't speak for the other poster, nor for a capital/lowercase distinction, but your own distinction fails to include me.
To me, religion inhabits a spectrum ranging from vague reverence for the numinous, through stories (either parable or claimed history) told for moral direction, to cynical, doctrinaire oppression. I have directly experienced some of each category (though not the most extreme of the oppressive end). That latter category absolutely affects me, both in terms of solidarity and threat of future expansion, and it absolutely deserves a rigorous fight. The rest is not so cut and dry, and some of it certainly does deserve to be not just allowed to "pass" but to be protected.
With that said...
> what do you hope to gain by talking to them?
A lot can be gained by talking to people you disagree with, even people you fiercely oppose. Aside from the other poster's excellent answer ("I like to be friendly with my neighbors, if not actual friends"), engaging ideas that you don't share is a good cure for your own ignorance and may provide ammunition for the battles actually worth having.
> don't let them in. keep them very far away from you.
Your post suggests that you go beyond your claim that religion is a "mental illness", that you seem to believe said illness is contagious even to the unafflicted. Have a little more confidence in your convictions!
as far as; is it contagious? yes, it's incredibly contagious, in the sense of a virus and how viruses are spread.
We have two immune systems in our minds, logic and fear.
Logic tells me when something is feasible. and fear tells me when it's not.
religion overrides logic with fear to hook into your faith subroutine and take it over.
everyone is susceptible to this attack, but those who are poor, hungry and desperate for something better are more susceptible than others.
so while talking to your neighbors is good and all, you and your kids are now more susceptible to attack and all it will take is getting you when you're at your weakest, and they'll be there, waiting. it sounds more nefarious than you think it is, but they, like men with women, are only there for a single reason. theirs is different but singular as well: to infect your mind with fear and self doubt and open the way for religion to come in and take over.
and once it does and your fully in, it doesn't matter if you change your mind later, because now you have to change your families minds, and they may be more affected than you depending on their defenses. and kids have none. and so now you're stuck and you make excuses and stick up for your lapse in judgement and infect others because you're totally bought in.
I've seen it too many times for it to be a one off. I've been told by so many religious men that they are only in it because their wife/family is. but they don't understand that by letting it happen they're creating Another generation of logically weakened humans.
and therein is my issue, religion makes us weaker, easier to dominate and placate. religion is a virus.