I'm not sure if lack of overbearing marketing speak counts for something, but RethinkDB definitely has that going for it.
I'm not an expert on couchbase (and neither on RethinkDB, to be frank, though I am a huge fan), but here's what RethinkDB has going for it:
- Changefeeds - easily open a persistent connection to the server and get updates when the results of an almost arbitrary query changes.
- Joins
- Expressive query language that is pretty functionally minded, really shines in their clojure/haskell drivers
- Excellent client libraries, well maintained
- Geospatial queries/objects
- Amazing admin interface (it has been amazing for a long time, too, not a recent change)
- First class consideration of replication & sharding (it is not a bolt-on in any way shape or form)
- API-driven cluster configuration
- API driven permissions management (this is relatively new)
- Excellent, easy to follow documentation
There are more things, but this is just what I can think of off the top of my head.
The team at RethinkDB is also just great -- I've met them in person and gotten help from them and they're straight shooters.
They've also got this great project coming up called Horizon:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sb1lH5mvYmU
Also they have a video up with a member of the team building a realtime game with React Native:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xRK0SYSgVF0
Maybe someone who is very familiar with couchbase can help make a list... I'll start it off:
- Custom query language
- First class consideration for scale -- replication and sharding