I'm more interested in their chip technology over time. What 8bit processors did they use? What do they have today? I am under the impression they are several nodes behind the state of the art today.
In particular, this was said to explain why a famous Soviet electronic wrist watch (Elektronika 5) would sometime randomly switch from a 24-hour to an am/pm mode when put through a washing machine. Even though there was no mention of this mode anywhere in the manual, nor there was a button on the watch itself for that.
Not even sure where you'd get that notion.
2. Korvet - КР580ВМ80А (КR580VM80А) clone of Intel 8080A.
3. Lvov - same 8080A clone.
4. Mikrosha - same 8080A clone.
5. BK - К1801ВМ1 (K1801VM1) designed in USSR based on DEC T-11 and LSI-11.
6. Robotron 1715 - U880, clone of Zilog Z80.
7. Iskra 1030 - КР1810ВМ86 (KR1810VM86), clone of Intel 8086.
8. Radio-86RK - 8080A clone.
9. Krista - 8080A clone.
10. Apogei - 8080A clone.
11. Okean - 8080A clone.
Bear in mind that even a lot of them were based on the same 8080 clone and used various versions of CP/M, they were binary incompatible.
2. Corvette (probably a reference to the type of ship)
3. Lvov = present day Lviv, also known as Lemberg
4. Micro, like microcomputer
5. see other comment in this thread about BK
6. "Robotron" -pretty obvious. Note that robot comes from a porting to English of the Russian verb "to work"
7. "Spark" - Iskra was also used as a name for a line of film cameras
8. "Radio"
9. not sure - is it a girl's name?
10. "Apogee" 11 "Ocean"
Which is definitely not true. 'Robot' was first used by Czech writer Karel Čapek and was invented by his brother, based on old-Czech 'robota' which translates as 'corvee'.
I was mistaken in thinking that Russian was the origin of the word - I am not familiar with all the languages that descend from OCS.
You are correct that it comes not via Russian but via Czech: