Why I Was Wrong About Liberal Arts Majors
blogs.wsj.com
blogs.wsj.com
There are enough truly bad Liberal Arts degrees out there that the more difficult ones (philosophy and economics spring to mind, at least at my school) get dinged by proximity. What people are really worried about hiring is someone with four years of multiple choice and BSssays under their belt - that is, experience only in perverting performance metrics. A college experience like that is almost impossible in STEM, rare in a few LA fields and extremely common in the rest.
Also: taking the initiative to learn to program and switch careers is a strong signal that you weren't one of the people who tried to engineer their good school into behaving like a degree mill.
I wager that a lot of people disagree with you here. There are definitely cheap tactics to dupe lazy teachers at both ends of the educational spectrum.
Example: Even if you don't know the answer, write as much work as possible to get partial credit. Look at backwork to learn the form of the exam, memorize the form of the solution and then just plug in the new numbers and calculate.
1) A chemistry class I took and
2) An art history class where we were given photos of pieces and asked to write in what culture and epoch produced them.
Although the art history tests were in the above format, that class also required us to go to the local art museum, find a relevant piece, and photograph it; then go to the library and research the piece developing a thesis and a ten page paper supporting that thesis.
Besides that all my coursework consisted of developing theses and then writing papers defending those theses with the grade being determined by how well we argued our point. Is this bullshit? I would say it's subjective, yes, but a part of a liberal arts education is learning to embrace the subjective nature of the human experience.
But it seems that philosophy at least opens up fast and hard with difficult problems.
So a degree in philosophy - in my STEMmy opinion - merits serious consideration as someone willing to think about a problem.
Just to be clear, I do consider humanities to be an excellent subject for study, and philosophy and literature, when studied with integrity, are rigorous fields. There's also, of course, a chance that I'm just naturally a bit stronger at humanities and weaker at math, and I suppose it might be the opposite for you.
I did have to work meaningfully for my "A"s in humanities, but I had to struggle hard for my B+ in real analysis.
Also, I do recognize you mentioned CS, not upper division math, but lower division data structures and algorithms pushed me pretty hard. And the course I saw my friends go through at Berkeley looked insanely difficult.
I would expect philosophy to hand out "B" grades to nearly everybody. I would expect computer science to hand out everything, especially the extremes. There would be both more "A" and more "F" than in the philosophy classes.
Much less dinging by proximity going on because of that, I think. It's generally accepted that studying philosophy is much more difficult than social sciences, for example. Of course, as a result we probably have a richer collection of more specific stereotypes for each field though.
"How can this be? It’s very simple. A well-rounded liberal arts degree establishes a foundation of critical thinking."
Jumps the gun. The brevity of my counter argument may belie it's truth:
Selection bias perfectly explains his experiences.
Of course I'd rather an English major that has learned to code at the level I require over a Computer Science major. The English major that is able to hustle his or her way into a programming career almost certainly has a greater IQ than the average Computer Science grad. What is not seen is the vast sea of English majors not going down that path, but rather ending up in a career that is far less challenging.
It's almost like they went to school for something completely different ;)
I don't see why selection bias matters though, as it's not terribly relevant to the author's point that humanities students bring a different/valuable perspective to the table and shouldn't be written off as technical hires. To me, the real goal should be encouraging students from both STEM and humanities backgrounds to learn from each other and cross streams a bit. No more Physics for Poets or Shakespeare for sysadmins.
3D Gaming engine: A genius with lots of CS training/education.
Simple business app with weird rules that requires a lot of customer feedback: A kind-hearted person who can listen and noodle around and is tenacious.
The most important bit is the 'critical thinking' coupled with a passion to learn, build and being creative. At the end of the day writing software has a huge creative component to it. Sadly most companies require STEM degrees for an entry level Software Engineer position. I agree with the author that we need to be more open and be the meritocracy we thump our chests about so loudly. Conversely for liberal arts jobs ...
Engineering degrees don't magically turn someone into a robotic human with no capacity for creativity or self-leadership, and liberal arts degrees don't make someone incapable of understanding logical reasoning.
I would be interested in seeing what types of people are drawn most to each though. For example, many of my friends who went the engineering path did it because they wanted a stable career, and they knew engineering was a solid way to earn that, even if it's difficult. In contrast, some of my friends who went to smaller liberal arts colleges (in most cases for political science) cited "networking" opportunities and "making connections" as important for their careers and reasons why they went the LA path. Both sets of friends are very capable, but as someone from a solidly middle-class background who was raised to view hard work as the only way to succeed, the notion of "networking" and playing the social game to move up has always seemed alien to me. I know it's not true in all cases, but it makes me wonder if taking the risk on a LA degree in some cases is correlated to greater economic privilege (ie, people with better safety nets who don't need guaranteed income that more economically valuable degrees provide). I wonder if those are the people that the author is so enamored with here.
From my experience of college (and that of most people I know), especially in the social sciences, the degree itself was only worth it because studying is cheap here. About 1500 euro a year, and we received about 250 euro a month from the state, more if we lived in a dorm, and could top that off with a very, very friendly loan up to about 600 euro total.
The biggest value, aside from intrinsic interest in the topic and having mediocre-at-best lecturers provide us with reading suggestions, was indeed the connections we made during those years.
Most of the people I met in college now have interesting work or positions in their field (and often via said connections). I partied with them, hung out with them, had discussions with them, started book clubs with them, and became friends with them. If I need to talk to a good journalist, accountant, lawyer, entrepreneur about something, there's one from my network available. If I have questions related to philosophy, physics, literature, etc., well, that's just an appointment and a few beers away.
While it's possible to create these connections without going to college, it's much harder. By going to college it happens automatically, especially if you join some student organization.
Whether that's worth the insane student loans people have to burden themselves with in some countries is up for debate, but the value in the network is huge.
I'd also like to note that it doesn't feel like playing a social game and networking. It's making friends and acquaintances and sort of 'falling into' using the advantages. A bit like how I suppose most people who date other people are looking forward to getting laid, but it doesn't feel 'sleezy' because it's not your primary objective (of course, if it is and you're up-front or okay with that, that's fine too).
Personally, I always complain I wish I knew what a normal person would want. A technical person very quickly falls to an abnormal and complicated approach of doing things.
/s
No really, what gives people the impression that STEM majors can't think independently or well?
honestly the biggest problems I've seen from my peers(college aged and new grads) are superiority complexes and not realizing when they are out of the bounds of their knowledge base.
The VP is also less powerful than a supreme court justice.
The VP is also less powerful than the house majority leader.
Things are less clear with governors, but I think the argument can be made that the VP is less powerful than the governors of California, Texas, Florida, New York, etc. Do you know those?
Also, remember what Feynman said his dad taught him about knowing the names of birds. Memorizing names gives a false sense of knowledge.
I have met very few people who look at either situation and see the breadth of information that exists and how valuable it can be to analyze and model.
Someone who has been working for years under the engineering culture and code review regime on an elite Google distributed systems team is probably going to write better code (at least in that domain) then someone who did a couple of side projects after reading the Rails tutorial.
At least that's how it seems whenever this comes up.
I wonder if this attitude is more prevalent in the US, where people routinely say "you can do anything with a law degree", viewing law as a generalist degree, while viewing engineering or math as a narrow, task-specific degree with no real use outside those subjects…
Although I double majored in English Literature and Math, I did notice the extent to which I would have been required to study humanities as a math major in college (UCSD) without the double major in lit. My general education requirements included a two year undergraduate survey course on world history, a required upper division sequence in a humanities field focusing on a specific region (such as a one year upper division sequence on European or Asian history), two years or proven competence in a foreign language, a year of arts (fine arts, art history, theater), and a minor in a humanities field.
That may be a bit heavier than usual, but in general, math and science majors are required to take a great deal of humanities. The humanities majors, by contrast, had to take two courses in "math" which could be fulfilled with symbolic logic in the philosophy dept and stats for the social sciences (no calculus or even a modicum of advanced math required). The science could be fulfilled through "physics for humanities majors" and bio classes not intended for science track students. Again, that may be a bit light, but it's pretty consistent in US universities - humanities majors get away with minimal math and science, whereas science, engineering, and math majors must take substantial humanities coursework.
One more thing - although the humanities were rigorous, the partiers were pretty much all humanities or social science majors. At least at UCSD, it was nearly impossible to survive in engineering or science as a "partier". Not to say these students were never at the parties, but they spent a lot more time in labs and the library, it was pretty clear. Those and the pre-meds. The humanities majors who got good grades were serious students, sure, but it's pretty clear to me that they didn't have to work anywhere near as hard for good grades (this was also my personal experience in upper division lit classes vs upper division math classes).
This is why I think the most well-rounded students tend to be the STEM students. Not all STEM students are well rounded, many resent and minimize their humanities coursework, but the well-roundedness tends to be more deeply built into the curriculum for STEM than for humanities.
That seems like a good statement that accords with my experience at school.
I also have a peculiar resentment towards the humanities requirements: I had to take extra humanities requirements, on top of basically everything you already mentioned, for the "honors college" that was giving me the scholarship by which I avoided Student Loan Hell, so pretty much every semester when course selection came up, I had to make some sinister choices between fulfilling my scholarship requirements and taking sufficient coursework in math, CS, and the hard sciences to give me a good base of knowledge for the future.
The result is that I basically squeaked by in hard math (stopped after multivariable calculus and linear algebra) and CS, didn't take enough hard science (I really should have taken a physics course), and was under-prepared and even under-advised for the kind of research I wanted to do in graduate school. Graduate school notified me of this by forcing me to fight to have my degree considered a four-year Comp Sci degree at all.
In defense of the Technion, I really should have taken more rigorous coursework in undergrad: physics, better vector calculus, real analysis, category theory, a proper type-theory course. In my defense, my undergrad institution didn't even offer those latter two subjects, and my scholarship conditions simply did not have a track available for hard-science students.
The institution's idea of an "honors" or "honorable" education, deserving of financial support, was a humanities education finished inside of four years. They provided no coursework options for taking a scholarship-supported education in the hard sciences, and also would not give you additional years of scholarship so you could take their honors humanities education and your own rigorous science-and-math degree on top.
Basically, we pay people not to take science courses.
On a related note, what you've described in terms of graduate preparation is also a serious problem for domestic (US) students. I think there is merit to the more generalized approach to undergraduate education in the US, but we specialize very late in the US compared to other educational systems.
This becomes a problem when combined with the high attrition rates in PhD programs. When I enrolled in a PhD program at Berkeley, I noticed that the coursework seemed like review for many of my fellow students who had degrees from overseas. Some would chalk this up to superior mathematics education outside the US, but I do think that the late specialization plays a big role here as well. While I was taking those classes in literature, theater, arts, history, and so forth, my graduate classmates were specializing in mathematical optimization and stochastic processes much earlier, and in much greater depth.
I don't think that this would be an issue if attrition rates weren't so high, but PhD programs in STEM fields typically have attrition rates between 35%-50%. If you aren't ready to hit the ground running, odds are very good you won't survive the first two years. This isn't an issue in graduate programs in medicine and law in the US, which don't expect undergraduate specialization (and, at the elite level, have vanishingly low attrition rates anyway, typically below one half of one percent). Nobody is expected to study law prior to law school or medicine prior to medical school, and the overwhelming majority of students who start elite programs in these fields do finish (again, 99.5% or more typically do).
Unfortunately, the result is what the RAND institute already identified - top US students behave rationally by avoiding PhD programs in the sciences in favor of professional degrees in law, medicine, dentistry, etc. This is only one factor, but I do think the situation you faced - less specialization at the undergraduate level - also plays a role here.
That's exactly what a lot of my peers did. It's what I should have done, if not for the money.
>Unfortunately, the result is what the RAND institute already identified - top US students behave rationally by avoiding PhD programs in the sciences in favor of professional degrees in law, medicine, dentistry, etc. This is only one factor, but I do think the situation you faced - less specialization at the undergraduate level - also plays a role here.
I think the financial factor at the undergraduate level is just as strong. If it takes five years, or an inferior curriculum, to finish a degree in the sciences, and students have to pay large sums for each semester (and often face "bonus charges" from loss of financial aid after finishing four years without having completed a degree program), then as it occurred to me when summing up: we are paying people not to study science, and penalizing them when they try anyway.
The reason this drives me batty is that my elected officials (and silicon valley execs) constantly talk about a terrible "shortage" of STEM students, but our universities really do an amazing job driving people away from these fields, and it's not just the rigor of these topics, it's structural.
I hadn't thought of it this way before, but yeah, our undergraduate general ed requirements, while worthy in terms of getting a well-rounded education, probably do increase the attrition rates from science programs (and, because they reduce the amount of undergraduate specialization in math and science, may also increase the attrition rates from graduate STEM programs). Damn. Quite an accomplishment for universities in a nation that constantly frets about a "shortage" of students going into STEM.
In my day, you only had to take one Honors Gen-Ed, a high SAT Writing score exempted me from the Honors English requirement, and you could fill those horrid Any Honors Course requirements by just getting a certain number of professors from in-major courses, or an undergrad research supervisor (only once in your career, though) to write you a letter declaring that you were taking an Honors Colloquium.
(Mind, the idea of writing classes for everyone isn't actually that bad. UMass has a Junior-Year Writing requirement that every department has to fill with a course customized to their degree material. We Comp Sci kids had a writing course that taught us how to compose things like tech-marketing presentations, technical research papers, start-up pitches, and game designs. It was a great idea at core to give us a communications course specialized to our prospective line of work, even if they didn't teach LaTeX or anything that in-depth.
The objectionable thing is to have two writing courses, one of which is explicitly a gen-ed, and which actively penalizes students who try to eat into their coursework requirements with exam scores.)
Dear Lord, it's like they actually dislike the idea of depth. The very least they could do is ditch the stupid Gen-Ed stamp and just require a number of courses outside your own department or college. That would at least let Comp Sci students fill requirements in with physics or intro to analytic philosophy or something.
Or they could encourage breadth-with-depth by declaring that any student who double-majors can receive honors and scholarships without all the stupid stamps.
Oh, and now they charge a fee to be in the honors college, which is of course how you qualify for merit scholarships.
That's it, I'm writing them a letter. I hated this stuff when I was an undergrad, and it turns out that was entirely justified. Five years later, time to tell them.
>I hadn't thought of it this way before, but yeah, our undergraduate general ed requirements, while worthy in terms of getting a well-rounded education, probably do increase the attrition rates from science programs (and, because they reduce the amount of undergraduate specialization in math and science, may also increase the attrition rates from graduate STEM programs). Damn. Quite an accomplishment for universities in a nation that constantly frets about a "shortage" of students going into STEM.
Yeah. Damn.
So, not those liberal arts majors who are protected in "safe spaces", who have "trigger warnings" on their classes, who complain about how they feel threatened when someone wrote pro-Trump messages at their school.
Look, there are a lot of good, high-quality liberal arts schools that are teaching students to think for themselves, and giving them a good breadth of background to orient them to the stuff that they encounter. But there are unfortunately also a lot of liberal arts schools that just coddle the kids, and turn out little better than 22-year-old high-schoolers. The first is valuable; the second a waste.
I have a BS in CS, but from a program with relatively lax minimum course requirements, particularly in math, from what I've read about other CS programs. (Only Calc II and Discrete Math.)
This allowed me to actually take more non-STEM than STEM courses while still earning a CS degree. If I was required to take higher-level math or more advanced CS subjects, I probably would have failed at the time. Yet I still got aspects of a CS education that I wouldn't have if I just minored in CS, which have provided a good base for exploring higher-level CS topics on my own.
At the same time, the program has everything available for students who want a more rigorous courseload.
So I'd say that except for producing top individual contributors in STEM domain programming (physics simulations, etc.), low-level algorithms, and high-performance system-level programming (which admittedly comprise a large number of software engineering jobs, but probably not the majority), a high-quality CS program where you can still take mostly non-STEM courses, and that doesn't use math courses effectively to weed people out, would on the surface appear to be ideal for the vast majority of software developers and technology leaders.
This is the sort of thing you tell people when you can't point to anything measurable. It's the college grad's equivalent of "I'm a people person!"
I guess an example of this is the Italian girl that won last year's Dyalog APL student competition: http://www.dyalog.com/news/102/420/2015-APL-Programming-Cont...
She was studying Latin and Greek, then was exposed to APL, enjoyed it, and was apparently very good at it...
Fine, that makes some sense. But, if the goal is learn APL (or any programming language), why not just learn APL? Is it really true that learning French prior to Ruby on Rails gives you a unique advantage?
I don't think that if your goal is to learn RoR, the best way to accomplish it is to learn French first. But if you take two programming newbies, and one of them knows a couple foreign languages and the other doesn't, the former will have an advantage.
The thing is, that was once thought a decade ago or so, was that a liberal arts degree did not qualify someone for a programming job as much as a computer science or engineering degree would.
Python and Ruby on Rails made it easier to program, when it was thought that a liberal arts major can't program we used C and Pascal, pointers, had to do garbage collection on our own, had to allocate and then free up memory, etc. Programming Languages evolved with Java and C# that did away with pointers, does garbage collection on their own, and allocates and frees up memory when an object is closed. Then Python and Ruby on Rails made it even easier.
Microsoft had to make a Express and then Community version of their Visual Studio Dotnet languages to compete with FOSS languages, Borland suffered and kept getting bought out, suddenly there FOSS languages got easier to use, understand, and program in.
I think every degree should have a Critical Thinking class and maybe a Small Business class to learn how to balance a checking account and learn to save money instead of living paycheck to paycheck. How to run your own business and make it a startup by bootstrapping what you saved working a job.
- prioritization of the ability to make a buck over all else. This is an old tendency, dating back to the early 1800s.
- Postmodernism ruined the general reputation of the fields it touched. The Sokal Hoax was very famous.
- Most liberal arts majors didn't seem to work hard, or to work on hard problems. This in contrast to the engineering major slaving away until midnight 6 hours per week.
- pg has an essay on this; I forget its name, but the "drop-out-to" lattice in college - people often drop out to easier majors. Psychology or English are roughly at the bottom of that lattice where I went to school; things like CS, Math, Chemical Engineering or Physics are near the top of the lattice. So... yeah. "Couldn't hack it, got a English degree, now serving coffee" stories show up enough to, at minimum, distort perception.
Add those together, and it's a pretty potent mix for looking coldly at the humanities as a useful thing.
I'd emphasize that many humanities people and professors are doing an impressive job of soiling the name of the humanities.
While I don't think all (or even most) CS majors need to be produced out of liberal arts programs, I think it would be good for the field and the software industry to have more of those.
• BS only. (Caltech, for example. In fact, Caltech only offers BS for everything. Even English majors--and yes, there is an occasional English major at Caltech--end up with a BS).
• BA only. UC Berkeley is an example in this category for math and physics.
• Both are offered, with identical coursework and requirements. You can have whichever you want. Some will even for a small fee give you two diplomas, so you can use whichever seems appropriate for the situation.
• Both are offered, from the same department, with different in-major coursework and aims. One may be aimed toward students aiming to go into research, and one toward those aiming to go into teaching, for instance.
• Both are offered, from different departments. For example, UC Berkeley's College of Letters and Sciences offers a BA in chemistry, and the College of Chemistry offers a BS in chemistry. Computer science can be taken at Berkeley in the College of Letters and Science for a BA, or in the College of Engineering for a BS.
• Both are offered, with the same in-major coursework, but differ in out-of-major requirements. So, the BA and BS would require the exact same science and math courses, but the BA has specific breadth requirements to produce a well rounded education, whereas the BS lets you take pretty much what you want as long as you satisfy the math and science requirements and any general requirements of your school.
I generally just say that I have a bachelor's degree in mathematics. If someone thinks they need to know if it is a BA or a BS, I ask what they are really trying to figure out.
The real issue is that the oligarchs don't want a populace that is truly educated in critical thinking.
For a treat, try page 7 of the Norman Dodd report to the Reece Committee.
https://www.scribd.com/doc/3768227/Dodd-Report-to-the-Reece-...
Bonuses:
https://www.amazon.com/Leipzig-Connection-Basics-Education/d...
https://www.amazon.com/Deliberate-Dumbing-America-Revised-Ab...
A better recommendation, and a path that some STEM students have already taken, is independent study of the Liberal Arts curriculum.
Unfortunately, even if you do this, you will still have to deal with condescending fools telling you that you can't see the forest from the trees, and are constrained by memorizing commands or syntax.
The fact of the matter is that you have no critical thinking skills, can't see the big picture and lack the soft skills – the people skills – that help to understand customers and bring the staff along. Everybody here can see it, why can't you? You'll never make anything of yourself, nerd.
(Those quotes are directly from the article. It's super condescending towards STEM people. No better than similar articles aimed at Liberal Arts students.)
Is this the result of independent study? ;)
In all seriousness, my linguistics degree was worth every penny. Spending that much time with incredibly bright people with broad perspectives focused solely on sharpening your understanding of the world is something that's very difficult to replicate independently.
I can imagine that even if it is difficult to replicate broad perspectives independently it is worth trying to do so. I think the internet will certainly make it easier to do so now, too.
Additionally you have a lot longer than 4 years to engage with material. Autodidactism eventually wins because it is unconstrained; though the educational experience might get a lot of breadth out fast.
An Arts major is great for your personal growth because it's broader and more generalist than STEM but it doesn't add much value to society on short term. Once it doesn't add direct value to society, society doesn't reward it also. This translates into an high probability of a stagnated life after graduation. Choose carefully.
I wanted a degree in physics but it doesn't pay as much as a programming job would. So I took computer science instead. Teacher/Education degrees are good to get because of a teacher shortage but don't get paid as well as most other jobs.
When I went to a university it was 1986, I learned Turbo Pascal which is nothing compared to modern IDEs now. I learned Turbo C in 1987 and that helped me learn Ada, COBOL, FORTRAN, Visual BASIC, and many others. Once you understand the concepts you can learn almost any other language.
"Critical thinking and the ability to learn and adapt independently is the most important ability in a professional. These abilities are more pertinent than one's conferred degree. Find people with these characteristics wherever you may find them. Independently acquired skills outside of one's undergraduate studies may be correlated with an increased likelihood of possession of such aptitudes."
Not judging people by their labels cuts both ways. Plenty of liberal arts majors lack critical thinking, and vice versa and any combination thereof.
I spent a year at WPI, and its fucking lousy with these stuck up losers, sharing lame "engineering memes" putting down lib arts majors. Mind you, these were not even engineers, just engineering students, most of whom hadn't built a single useful thing in their life outside of school.
By the way, I will say it: I like .NET. My first paying job was in Visual Basic / C#. Used to spend nights writing Perl. Lisp is not special, but it is powerful.
Did you just make a broad generalization about people because you're pissed off you've heard broad generalizations about people?
What clouds the discussion even further is that many of the people involved are far enough removed from that time in their life that they can't remember what they knew or didn't know about anything. I look back and think about how much I could have learned if I had spent less time doing things like video games, or watching sports or whatever, without realizing that so much has changed in 15+ years that alot of what I find interesting may not have been invented then. Or if it was, it wasn't that important to me.
It's also my personal observation that someone's college major has no bearing on their ability to think critically.
I do think there's a lot of value in studying non-technical, potentially useless, even esoteric things, but this argument is not extraordinarily convincing.
The hard sciences and engineering are accountable to reality while Liberal Arts is accountable only to popular opinion.
But is a critical thinker creative? They can think, but if you put them in front of a blank sheet of paper, a blank whiteboard, or an empty Vi terminal, can they create and build something new and original?
Creativity is not at all like critical thinking - one analyzes things that exist, one actually creates things.
Creativity is at the heart of software craftmanship.