MD6 Message-Digest Algorithm
en.wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org
Cryptohipsters (can I coin this term?) should take a look at Skein (a third-round SHA-3 candidate), BLAKE2 (the successor of a third-round SHA-3 candidate), and Keccak (the SHA-3 winner). These hash functions have undergone much more analysis. Notably, BLAKE2 is faster than MD5 in many cases, but without the security problems of MD5.
Speeds in excess of 1 GB/s have been reported to be possible for long messages on 16-core CPU architecture
It uses a Merkle tree-like structure to allow for immense parallel computation of hashes for very long inputs