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Is there anything in a browser that ensures that simple updates with local effect have O(1) layout cost?

Or do developers have to live with the uncertainty that simple updates may have a higher computational complexity?

The CSS 'contain' property helps ensure that local changes don't cause dirtiness to spread higher up the tree. <https://drafts.csswg.org/css-containment/>

I know Chrome has an implementation that I think is still moving thru the shipping cycle, and the other browsers are working on theirs iirc.