Overall a nice post. It doesn't quite get into all the options for pg_dump as there's a number of other flags that can be useful to reduce downtime. It's also probably worth taking a look at Amazon Migration Service as well (though I haven't personally used it or heard from others that have yet) - https://aws.amazon.com/dms/.
One tool they did miss for continuous archiving is WAL-E, which tends to be the one most used including by us at Citus Cloud and Heroku Postgres - https://github.com/wal-e/wal-e