Here's the basics:

- Research your keywords, make a list, especially paying attention to which ones are the most popular. The results may surprise you.

https://adwords.google.com/select/KeywordToolExternal

- Optimize your title tags (different on each page, mention your keywords, first 4 words of the title count the most)

- Put your keywords into high-value elements (h1-h4, img alt text, ul's, dl's)

- Get links from other websites (best case scenario: link's anchor text is your keyword). Higher the PageRank of the linking site the better. NoFollow's don't count.

To get links:

    1) Ask directly
    2) Mention them in your blog posts, hope they reciprocate
    3) Pay them (but don't tell anyone you did)
    4) Make interesting content on your blog that naturally gains links

- Don't use subdomains (i.e., put your blog at mydomain.com/blog/ instead of blog.mydomain.com)

That will give you a good start. From there, start a blog with interesting content, and submit it around. The idea with the blog is that the posts are more interesting than your site's copy, so people will actually link to it.