I'm not sure exactly what you mean by non-GSM comms stack but if you want comms for IoT like devices then LoRa could be of interest. I don't know of any large scale networks active outside of Europe and the US but it's quite feasible to operate a base station yourself.

If your looking for something targeted at consumers then Facebook have started a large scale wifi project in Kampala: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-35000544