The Fading Dream to Liberate Africa’s Last Colony
newrepublic.com
newrepublic.com
Mohamed Abdelaziz their Secretary General, is in power since 1976 (when Gerald Ford was US president). Pilsario has been sending kids for indoctrination to Cuba for decades.
Since then, it's changed hands many times. Fact is, it sits in a region that for thousands of years prior to the concept of the nation state was inhabited by berbers, the Moroccan people. To consider it somehow morally 'theirs' isn't unreasonable, to consider it a remnant of European imperialism is also not unreasonable.
But to consider it, politically, Spanish today, is also fully reasonable. Just like North America isn't the land of native americans anymore, and as sad as that history may be, it's something that must be accepted today and moved on from. I see Ceuta and Melilla similarly, they were once part of Moroccan territories but have been in Spanish hands for the last four hundred years, and developed by Spain for so long, inhabited by Spaniards for so long, it's simply Spain. That won't change anytime soon.
But to say it was Spanish long before Morocco existed is silly, because Morocco predates Spain (depending on your definitions of states) by a thousand years, and it wasn't Spaniards that first settled Ceuta either.
That's Ceuta, as for Melilla, it was a berber (read: north-african, in this case moroccan) village by origin, not an Iberian or Spanish or Andalusian village or w/e. Just prior to Spain taking Melilla, it was part of the kingdom of fez. Which is a Moroccan kingdom.
The only reason they are voting to stay in France is to get access to French subsidies for DOM/TOM (free flowing cash with no questions asked) and social benefits.
Although it once was the case, it is incorrect to refer to Mayotte and Reunion as colonies. They are French departments. Their inhabitants are not "allowed to work in France", they are French, if they move to metropolitan France, they're just changing department. Saying they're a colony would be like saying Alaska or New Mexico are colonies. Moreover Mayotte did not vote to "stay" in France, the referendum was about switching from one status to another (essentially, from Oversea Department to 'normal' department) and they chose the most convenient one (shocking, I know).
It is true that they receive some extra subsidies, mostly because of their isolated location (which makes the cost of life higher). Due to the high level of unemployment, they also receive social subsidies, but that's just like any other department in France (but of course you won't hear a lot of complaints about how the North-Eastern regions are costing the rest of the country a ton of money...). Moreover they also receive less government investment when it comes to infrastuctures, i.e. schools or hospitals (even though they have to contend with tropical diseases and hurricanes).
The trope about "lazy black people under the tropics" (as opposed to Fench citizens who happen to live in regions where the economy is bad) is a common dog whistle in France. Much like with American nativists, there is this thing with implying who is a 'real' French and who isn't, and it seems to upset a number of white French that there are also black French who have been part of France for longer than they themselves may have been, so depicting them as remote people who are only in it to take money is quite convenient.
To get back to the main topic, it's true that "last colony" is a bit weird. There are other more-or-less similar conflicts in Africa (Casamance, Cabinda, Chagos) where the locals could refer to themselves as colonized.
But yeah I don't think anyone would disagree that it's better off as a colony.
The only thing that makes them seem like colonies is that they're topologically disjoint from the mainland. By that logic Alaska is an American colony.
Some of it is simply outright wrong:
> The narrative of return and independence also presents many practical challenges. In 1976, the Moroccan “Green March” sent 350,000 Moroccans into the Western Sahara to settle, massively altering the demographics in the sparsely populated region.
The Green March was a peaceful march of 350k unarmed Moroccans into the region, that pushed out the Spaniards who had colonised it. Not a single bullet was fired, and these 350k people didn't settle there at all, they went straight back home.
On the other hand, in the past 40 years people have come to settle in the region, mostly driven by business opportunities as it's being invested in by Morocco. This is changing the demographics, but very much unrelated to the Green March. It's these quite clear errors that show the author isn't doing the proper research.
Anyway what bothers me the most is that it's so one-sided. I don't mind when authors take up a position at all, and I too am empathetic with the plight of the Sahrawi's, but it's a deeply complex issue with many facets left unspoken. Like the role of Algeria, which has financed the military rebellion for decades. And not for moral reasons, because they think it's the 'right thing to do'. Morocco and Algeria had been in a cold war, one was allied to the west/us, the other to the soviet union. Algeria also had no direct access to the ocean outside of the med. sea, and wants to build a road through the western sahara to get to a free standing port. None of this is mentioned at all, we only hear of the poor human interest story of a refugee girl who's described as a perfect western hollywood story: poor but desperate to go to school etc, read it yourself it's a bit corny.
Fact is, Morocco's various dynasties have ruled over these lands a long time. The Sahrawi's are berbers, just like Moroccans (and Algerians and Tunisians btw, they're all very similar peoples). Morocco is willing to invest heavily into the region, and is looking to give large degrees of autonomy, like has been ongoing in Morocco itself (a country which has many different berber groups, who've been getting increased autonomy, respect, special educational programmes, cultural recognition etc). But Morocco is not looking to lose territory to a few hundred thousand people under the influence of Algeria. The notion that this vast piece of land, if left alone by Morocco, will be independently and without other influences (e.g. Algeria) be ruled by a few hundred thousand people, and run as a successful nation, more so than as a part of Morocco, is I think naive.
So I fully support their right to self determination, but I'm also cognisant that it's paired with a complex geopolitical story that's left unsaid in this article, and honestly I think the best and most sensible outcome is an autonomous region within Morocco.
The Saharawi situation is one of those where the bigger guy (in this case, Morocco) has to grow the f* up, make a magnanimous act, and live happily ever after. Grant independence and be done with it; hell, if you really care, include in the agreement a free-trade no-border clause guaranteed for 50 years or something. The alternative is simply worse: Polisario and their refugee camps will forever be at the mercy of whichever enemy of Morocco wanted to stir shit up, not unlike what happens at the other end of the Mediterranean.
Territorial disputes resolved with guns, in 2016, are for the weak. Moroccans can be better than this.
See for example France and Algeria just a decade earlier, which cost between 350k and 1.5m lives depending on the estimate.
Around the 1970s essentially it was clear that everything would be decolonized before the end of the 20th century, except places where you actually had 'your' people live a long time, like in Ceuta which is effectively Spanish. The Western Sahara wasn't like that, Spaniards didn't live there, it was just a military occupation for the resources there, so they knew eventually they'd have to give it up. No reason to risk a bloodshed then.
In the 1950s or 1960s there was still a lot of resistance to various independence movements, by mid 1970s there was no real question of if colonial powers would have to withdraw, only when. It was a sensible Spanish decision, only very poorly executed.
That sounds like they were pushed out by the marching Moroccans during a few day, not that they calmly decided it was time to move to Spain.
At the same time, they calmly left. These two things are not mutually exclusive.
i.e. if a squatter goes to my house while I'm on vacation and lives there, for personal safety reasons he has a gun as do I, and I come home and make it clear it's not going to end well for either of us if he's going to stay, and the squatter makes the sensible choice to leave behind what is not his peacefully and go back to where he came from, you can say that he was pushed out by my presence on the scene. After all, if I hadn't been there he'd likely have stayed.
That's the best analogy I can think of to explain it to you.
Decolonisation was rarely peaceful, in this case it was. But even if it was peaceful, it doesn't mean Spain left for no reason. They were pressured to leave my hundreds of thousands of civilians descending on a piece of land that wasn't theirs with the support of the country. That showed them, if they wanted to keep the land, there'd be a colonial war. And if the 50s and 60s taught the world anything, it's that colonial powers always lose their stake in the end, but not before hundreds of thousands of unnecessary lives get ruined. Further, it creates animosity that lasts for many decades. Algerians and French for example still have deep wounds that need to heal, this was a post WWII war that saw massive death, destruction, torture, assassinations etc, it was quite brutal. Spain made a more sensible choice in this particular territory.
this place is so far not worth any fight for anybody in the west and morocco is playing nice & easy with europe/us.
Moroccans are not arabs. I can hardly believe you travelled there but not know this...
uPD: I was wrong. Its plain old good oil! http://www.middleeasteye.net/in-depth/features/us-oil-compan... . So the US has stinky agenda there as always. Found oil in Antarctics? Its time to kill penguin terrorists, oh, by the way we have got Educated English speaking penguin appeared in Washington to form pro American government there!
The article that is the subject of this thread, on the other hand, is supporting the Saharawi side, which is in opposition to the oil companies in your linked article.
As for the other arguments, you don't get to claim a territory just because you think you can run it better. It doesn't matter if Morocco has made improvements in the region if they're illegally occupying the territory, which is certainly what is being suggested by the article.
As this war simply isn't going to happen, the only sane way forward to get these people and their future generations out of this misery is to get them out of there and send them to places where they will be recognized as human beings instead of as an obnoxious political problem. In the current state of the world this is, for better or worse, much more practical when they are capable of supporting themselves and prospering in an urban environment. That takes education, and broadly speaking education in English is probably the choice that gives them the best options right now, unless somewhere non-English-speaking is specifically offering to give them a break (which would be smashing, doubly so if the Somewhere is Morocco itself, but I've not heard of it).
And getting just one of those people out of there and into an English-speaking nation has already contributed substantially to international recognition of their plight through this article.
ommunist, I'd like to ask you very kindly and seriously to reconsider whether you should be discussing this matter in these pages. If that reads to you as protecting the king's right then you're so laser-focused on finding a way to grind the axe of "down with colonialism" that you've already made up your mind not just what's right and wrong but what everyone else thinks and as such you have no room in your mind to understand the motives of other people discussing the matter.
There is nothing in my comment to suggest any right which the King has to those lands besides the fact that he presently occupies them and maintains an ability to command force to protect them (force which the world is disinterested in challenging). Complaining that I'm "protecting the rights" of this distasteful actor is silly and as far as I can tell all you're doing here in general right now is looking for ways to spit bile at people. That's not conducive to a healthy discussion forum.
And that's the charitable interpretation which assumes you are operating in good faith out of your care for the downtrodden of the world. Maybe you're just a bona fide troll here, in which case, you're doing a great job.
As far as I'm aware, the indigenously-developed Icelandic curriculum also teaches native Icelanders to speak English to a good standard, which they rely on heavily when interacting with the outside world without consider having to do so a terrible colonialist imposition.
Colonialism is probably one of the best things to happen to a lot of territories, like for example most of Africa.
How about Cabinda?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinda_Province#Ethnic_ground...