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OSM is just vectors, there aren't a lot of limits on what the data can be used for.

This was recently posted to /r/openstreetmap:

I really don't have a sense of how useful such a map would be, but it's exactly a 3d extrusion of OSM data.

This is very interesting!

I don't really have anyone close that is visually impaired but this would be super cool to have at 3D printing events and such. Very neat idea.

It's not exactly contour lines, but I made a site [0] that creates STL files from a global digital elevation model. You can select a region of the Earth and get a 3D printable file of its terrain. Might be close to what you're looking for!

[0] - http://jthatch.com/Terrain2STL/

In college my group used topo maps and a laser cutter to construct a map of Colorado. The burned edges had a really nice effect http://www.instructables.com/id/TwitMap-Topographical-Colora...

I'll plug an open source lib I wrote called shp2stl that converts shapefiles into 3D models suitable for printing.

http://dougmccune.com/blog/2014/12/30/using-shp2stl-to-conve...

As long as you can convert the data into a height field it's possible. I reckon you could do contours with interpolation.