Doubtful. The Constitution makes it clear that slavery is illegal... Except in the case of prisoners.
If you can subject prisoners to forced labor, gouging them on phone calls seems a small step.
Doubtful. The Constitution makes it clear that slavery is illegal... Except in the case of prisoners.
If you can subject prisoners to forced labor, gouging them on phone calls seems a small step.
And to the prisoners' families -- it's most especially cruel.
† Okay, the calls need monitoring, which increases the cost somewhat. But not by much, and not nearly in proportion to the rates they're currently being gouged for, in some states.
There is an honest question as to whether they do in all cases. How is listening to the phone calls of someone in prison for shoplifting or drunk driving not a complete waste of resources?
But what problem are you identifying that doesn't already exist via mob attorneys?
I feel that there's a difference between slavery as punishment (i.e. being explicitly sentenced to slavery) vs. slavery incidental to punishment (i.e. being explicitly sentenced to imprisonment, and then the private prison deciding to enslave you during your sentence).
And yes, this has absolutely been interpreted in this way. Unpaid, or grossly underpaid prison labour is extremely common in the US.
No.
see my other post
This is not 'settled' as much as it has been ignored by the courts.