Chernobyl's legacy 30 years on
bbc.com
bbc.com
Photos from my trip: https://www.flickr.com/photos/127718378@N07/albums/721576485...
I mean, I don't imagine people going there to be eating random stuff they find. So maybe from dust and other small particles you don't notice?
In particular:
The word Chernobyl became synonymous with death on a massive scale. But perception and reality do not always neatly align; in the wake of the disaster, the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) and others undertook a co-ordinated effort to follow up on health effects. In 2006, after two decades of monitoring they outlined the health effects; of the firefighters exposed to the huge core doses and incredibly toxic smoke, 28 died from acute radiation sickness. A further 15 perished from thyroid cancer. Despite aggressive monitoring for three decades, there has been no significant increase in solid tumours or delayed health effects, even in the hundreds of thousands of minimally protected cleanup workers who helped purge the site after the accident. In the words of the 2008 UNSCEAR report: “There is no scientific evidence of increases in overall cancer incidence or mortality rates or in rates of non-malignant disorders that could be related to radiation exposure.
It added: “The incidence of leukaemia in the general population, one of the main concerns owing to the shorter time expected between exposure and its occurrence compared with solid cancers, does not appear to be elevated. Although most highly exposed individuals are at an increased risk of radiation-associated effects, the great majority of the population is not likely to experience serious health consequences as a result of radiation from the Chernobyl accident. Many other health problems have been noted in the populations that are not related to radiation exposure.”
The clear cutting story is interesting. It would be interesting to get a read on the lumber they pulled from the forests in terms of how much Cesium it had in the wood.
Decades after the Chernobyl there is much higher rate of cancer of internal organs, adeno- and thyroid (ie. cancers related to ingestion of radiation sources) among people who lived or spent time in the North Ukraine, South Belarus in the months right after the catastrophe. Only official statistics points to 5000 additional thyroid cancers in Belarus in people who were children at the time.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18923372
"After the Chernobyl accident, children from Belarus living in highly exposed regions received mean thyroid doses by radioactive fallout higher by a factor of approximately 2 as compared to the survivors of the atomic bomb explosions. This lead to a radiation related increase of thyroid cancer incidence in children and adolescents with the highest incidence in age group 0-4 years up to now totally amounting to approximately 5 000 cases. "
Among the residents of Belarus, the Russian Federation and Ukraine, there had been up to the year 2005 more than 6,000 cases of thyroid cancer reported in children and adolescents who were exposed at the time of the accident, and more cases can be expected during the next decades. Notwithstanding the influence of enhanced screening regimes, many of those cancers were most likely caused by radiation exposures shortly after the accident. Apart from this increase, there is no evidence of a major public health impact attributable to radiation exposure two decades after the accident. There is no scientific evidence of increases in overall cancer incidence or mortality rates or in rates of non-malignant disorders that could be related to radiation exposure. The incidence of leukaemia in the general population, one of the main concerns owing to the shorter time expected between exposure and its occurrence compared with solid cancers, does not appear to be elevated. Although those most highly exposed individuals are at an increased risk of radiation-associated effects, the great majority of the population is not likely to experience serious health consequences as a result of radiation from the Chernobyl accident. Many other health problems have been noted in the populations that are not related to radiation exposure.
for each cancer you can google and find things like this:
http://www.cancer.fi/syoparekisteri/en/research/breast-cance...
"In addition, a significant two-fold increase in risk was observed, during the period 1997-2001, in the most contaminated districts (average cumulative dose of 40.0 mSv or more) compared to the least contaminated districts"
>more cases can be expected during the next decades.
yes. We're about in the middle right now - following known models of radiation exposure health effects the total numbers are projected to double over the next 20-30 years.
(FWIW, I don't think the BBC has a particular agenda here, they just have the bias of having lived in a "OMG nuclear" world for the past few decades and nobody cared enough to challenge how a fairly unimportant story is angled)
Yes, admittedly the design was not great. But deliberate human actions lead to the power surge and subsequent explosion. They were running experiments on the reactor and continued dispite a series of events that were clearly not happening as planned.
Yes, there was serious human failure in Chernobyl. But when the maximum emergency "oh shit" safety feature works by making things even more unsafe before shutting stuff down, that is the sort of design flaw that probably should be criminal.
There were a long series of fuckups before they even got to this point.
I don't know if that's true or not, but it seems like it ought to be true from a fail-safe perspective.
Such designs are illegal in the US, one of the reasons all but the latest version of the CANDU reactor can't be used here.
1. Lack of a containment vessel for the reactor core. All western reactors have these, this is a big deal. It's not a cure all but it helps a lot.
2. High positive void coefficient for the reactor. This meant that as the reactor got hotter and/or was depleted of coolant the fission reaction rate went up. This is very super extremely mega bad. Most western reactors are designed with negative void coefficients so that they are more inherently passively safe. All RBMK reactors were retrofitted after Chernobyl to lower their void coefficient and tweak some other safety features to make them less insanely dangerous.
3. Graphite tips on control rods. This was the straw that broke the camel's back. Which took an "on the edge" reactor and tipped it beyond, which then exploded (in a literal nuclear explosion, most likely) and scattered debris across the entire world due to design flaw #1.
Keep in mind that the Chernobyl and Three Mile Island events were fundamentally of a similar character, it was the difference in design between the two systems that led to one being a minor "incident" with almost negligible radiation release and one being a catastrophe with global implications.
The guide shrugged and observed something along the lines of 'This is what happens when #2 in the food chain suddenly becomes #1.'
Considering the number of people who now go on Chernobyl tours, I am just waiting for the Lonely Planet crowd to label the place 'spoiled' ;)
Type "agra filth" in Google search. That is how the ENTIRE surrounding area looks.
http://www.escapethecity.co.uk/wp-content/gallery/Agra-Taj-M...
You can not downplay something just because it does not look as bad.
I do know which one killed more rescuers though, regardless of whose fault it was: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernobyl_disaster#Human_impac... vs. Fukushima's "As of September 2012, there were no deaths or serious injuries due to direct radiation exposures."
Which is why I think the OP is demonstrably wrong. Impregnated jackets and shovels can't help with seawater leaks -- the two incidents are just too different.
Apologies for the "send to death" wording, that was clumsy.
Light water reactors are inherently safer - the Japanese never had to deal with a fire you couldn't put out with water and they never had to deal with fly ash.
Which was meaningless unless you were closer than about twenty miles at the worst. The fact that you can measure it is irrelevant.
Crops were contaminated by Chernobyl, and people ate those crops.
Reactor 3 has so much radiation I don't think any robot can work there without getting fried.
If anything, USSR had a more organized and humane (funnily enough) response to Chernobyl.
https://twitter.com/chernobylstatus/status/72495666416050995...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernobyl_disaster#Effects
Apparently the downvoters are either lobbiest of the atom lobby, from those named countries or should read more about the history. The true history isn't always nice.
On the other hand, if you want to go for specific acute events, hydroelectric dams make nuclear power look safe. The only way to claim otherwise is to choose your dates to ignore the failure of the Banqiao Dam (171,000 deaths) and take the unreasonable high end of death toll estimates from Chernobyl and Fukushima. Presently, Mosul Dam is an excellent example of just how dangerous and real major dam failures can be.
The resulting flood waters caused a wave, 10 kilometers (6.2 mi) wide and 3–7 meters (9.8–23.0 ft) high in Suiping (遂平), to rush onto the plains below at nearly 50 kilometers per hour (31 mph), almost wiping out an area 55 kilometers (34 mi) long and 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) wide, and creating temporary lakes as large as 12,000 square kilometers (4,600 sq mi).
The following things are true, but do feel free to double-check, these facts are not controversial: nuclear energy is far, far safer per kWh than those power sources your country voluntarily switched to; the UN -- using the very conservative & pessimistic linear-no-threshold model -- expects that approximately 4,000 people will eventually die as a result of our most catastrophic nuclear disaster in human history (it seems others in this thread have given you good examples of disasters caused by non-nuclear power sources, so I won't repeat those numbers here); and the volume of waste generated by a 1 GWe nuclear reactor (were it reprocessed and vitrified) would fill right around three cubic meters.
Those things are probably a little hard for you to swallow -- I understand, you've probably spent your entire life being preached to about the dangers of nuclear power, especially if you're in a country that's remotely close to the disaster in Ukraine -- but, really, try to take a deep breath and make sure you know why you believe what you do.
And that waste will be no more radioactive than the ore it was mined from in about 600 years.
(Now, that's not entirely safe stuff for your children to roll around in, but it helps put the issue in perspective.)
Anybody else catch this wildly inaccurate representation of what caused the explosions? While there certainly were design flaws, it's well-known that this disaster was a direct result of the recklessness of the reactor's operators. I have to wonder if this mischaracterization is an attempt to further scare the public about nuclear power.