Currently, we're running Linux with Qt 4 on PowerPC.
We're moving to a newer CPU (i.MX6 quad core). Freescale announced that they would continue manufacturing and supporting it for 15 years and it comes in industrial grade and consumer grade packaging depending on your needs.
We're moving away from Qt for the GUI. HTML5 is the way of the future. ;)
For people who are starting out, I'd recommend using Yocto. It's a build/development environment for embedded Linux. Look it up.
Edit: By they way, if it's not real-time critical, there's nothing stopping you from using any programming language you like except how difficult they can be to cross-compile.
For hard real-time stuff you need a dedicated rt system and you'll have to use C, C++ or maybe Rust.
For soft real-time stuff you can get away with RT-patched Linux. Any language with GC is generally bad with the exception of Erlang, Go and Nim; where the GC is optimised for low latency rather than bulk through-put.