Merkel Grants Turkish Request to Prosecute German Satirist | Hacker News Reader

Merkel Grants Turkish Request to Prosecute German Satirist

bloomberg.com

218 pointseloisius377 comments

Nobody seems to see how Merkel got this thing very right. 1.) Law says: you may prosecute it. So she "allows prosecution", as she also can't ignore diplomatic implication of doing otherwise. 2.) She also declares that the government will get rid of this law. 3.) She will surely not pressure the justice system in this case... 4.) The case will get dismissed as there is no basis for punishment any more (in Germany, you are entitled to be punished under the lesser harsh law when the law changes, and when the law disappears, there will be no punishment).

I think this was an intelligent move. She complied with Erdogans request and in return says a big "F* Y" by eliminating the law and saving the comedian.

So she "allows prosecution", as she also can't ignore diplomatic implication of doing otherwise.

Sure she can. People snub each other in politics all the time (even when they're joined at the hip). It's called "setting boundaries", and letting people know they can only count on so many indulgences from you. In fact, it is precisely through their willingness to take a stand (even at the cost of temporarily upsetting their allies or coalition partners) that stronger politicians distinguish themselves.

But even if she didn't want to offend his sensibilities -- there are bigger issues at play, such as the fact that Erdoğan is not only acting like a bully in this case (as he normally does at home), but is expecting the German government to do his dirty work for him. And hence, tacitly, to take "his" side in the Great War of Values on openness, and freedom of expression.

That's why Merkel got it wrong. What she needs to do is both act to abolish the law and exercise her discretion in declining to prosecute this case.

Regarding the decision she had to make, Merkel had two choices. If she declined to prosecute then she would be making a quasi-judicial decision in a county where judicial decisions are rightly made by the courts, not politicians. In passing the decision to the courts she is, in my opinion, making a clear statement of German values: this is how we do things - with the rule of law.

Which starkly contrasts with Erdoğan's contempt for the rule of law and anything that gets in his way.

The German constitution guarantees freedom of expression and the case will undoubtedly be dismissed when it reaches the courts.

(And I agree that laws such as this should be abolished.)

The law[0] in question specifically says that the federal government has to authorize the prosecution.

[0] http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/englisch_stgb/englisch_stg...

Just because the law allows to interfere with the prosecution does not make it morally right to interfere with the prosecution.

(By the way, prosecutors are anyway bound to instruction in Germany (usually by the state governments). That doesn't mean the governments should actually use that power.)

> The German constitution guarantees freedom of expression and the case will undoubtedly be dismissed when it reaches the courts.

The hurdle for civil suits (libel / slander / plain insults) is much lower in Germany. Flip someone the bird and you're 2000 EUR lighter.

> (And I agree that laws such as this should be abolished.)

Yes; it's anachronistic to persecute this as a crime, but as it stands now, I expect a verdict (most likely minimum sentence and parole). Maybe there's a way out by somehow spinning the matter in a way that makes Boehmermann look like he did not intend to actually broadcast the stuff; i.e. claiming that it was accidentally leaked.

I mean, the main issue is that Germany even had a law allowing someone to be punished for this kind of speech. Merkel can't (or won't) let Erdogan get the chance to point out even the slightest hypocrisy when it comes to enforcing laws. If she gives him an inch by not enforcing this stupid one, he can make a mockery of the west when they say anything about the journalistic and civil rights abuses committed by his administration.

Not that they're doing even close to a good job of that right now.

That law is a relict of the time before WW1 when Germany had an emperor. It just got adapted to the democratic system, so that it covers every head of a state. Everybody just forgot about it and it never got used since decades.

It was used a couple times in recent times: Chomeini, the Pope, and others.

>I mean, the main issue is that Germany even had a law allowing someone to be punished for this kind of speech.

Calling the guy a goat fucker? In the US, with the PC sensitivity, you can go to jail for far less...

> In the US, with the PC sensitivity, you can go to jail for far less...

PC sensitivity has nothing to do with legal rights. This is the country that allows protesting soldier's funerals with "god hates faggots"—one of the least pc actions I've ever witnessed—and only restricts the distance at which the protest can take place.

Also, Obama and Erdogan both fuck goats all day long. This might land me in jail in Turkey, but I'm gonna guess most people reading this post (including Obama, if he didn't have better things to do) would roll their eyes and move on.

There are libel laws that might provide some limited personal protection, but this would be civil court and not criminal court.

Surely I won't be jailed for calling anybody -- even our president -- a goat fucker.

Perhaps we may (regrettably) go down that road someday and perhaps there are instances of police overstepping their bounds to regulate "proper" speech, but I'd be willing to bet* my next pay check that being arrested for calling somebody a goat fucker would not hold up in court.

* - OK, not my whole check but like $5

Care to share some examples?

You'd never go to jail for that here.

technically he didn't call him a goat fucker, he said calling him a goatfucker is illegal. which it is, wether or not the one being accused of being a goatfucker is a leader of a country or not. it's called "beleidigung" and can be prosecuted under http://dejure.org/gesetze/StGB/185.html as long as the recipient (or his/her commander in millitary or <supervisor> in the church) goes to the authorities and delclares that it should be prosecuted ("strafantrag"). i go dakor with the (currently) most upvoted post it's smart from mutti (merkel) to "allow" it, because of diplomatic relations, when in fact she doesn't have a word to say in that. she can allow or forbid everything she wants, but as she is part of legislature and executive, ?judicative? can do what they have to and don't give a shit what mutti says

Obviously incorrect, and I struggle to see why you'd even say it. Everyone knows this is wrong.

no, you can't.

PC bullies are nothing more than just that. impotent bullies. they have no power and have no law behind them.

if I want to call someone a goat fucker, be it leader of a country or the guy next door, I can do so without fear of prosecution.

While what I wrote is the contrary to what you say, you are absolutely right, too (so you get an upvote). But Merkel has her very own style of doing stuff, and in the current situation that she maneuvered herself into, her decision made some sense from her point of view.

I personally think heads of state that turn authoritarian should be offended much more often and harder. In this regard, Merkel's decision is absolutely the wrong signal.

> I personally think heads of state that turn authoritarian should be offended much more often and harder

That might be the actual outcome. Erdogan might quite well loose the case which would establish that he's fair game.

Whether or not he loses the case in Germany, Erdogan's getting insulted around the world for being a thin-skinned authoritarian.

The style argument would have had any merit if she delivered results. She managed to badly mishandle all major crisis I can think of - Euro debt, Ukraine, Migratrion

So you've been to the future and know how her government's decisions play out in the next 10-15 years? Please, tell us more!

I disagree, I'm sure there are strong politicians who don't make waves, we just don't hear about them. It's sampling bias.

Yes she can but she would look just like Erdogan.

From a technocrat standpoint, Merkel made the smart move.

From a "face"/PR standpoint. She lost big.

By "giving in" to Turkey's insane demand, it sets a precedent for taking future demands seriously. Germany just gave an authoritarian state a seat at the big kids table.

A flat out denial to engage Turkey's unreasonable demand would have highlighted how absurd it was in the public sphere. Instead, we have a bunch of articles highlighting Merkel. Erdogan played her like a fiddle.

If there is legislation on the statute then how can Merkel have it ignored, does she have some sort of absolute authority to contradict the rule of law?

>"In a country under the rule of law, it is not up to the government to decide," Merkel said. //

Which seems exactly right; there's no decision she made other than to not attempt to interfere with the established rule of law - who would allow that to happen??

>Germany just gave an authoritarian state a seat at the big kids table. //

Which seems to be nonsense. Instead Germany allowed someone to bring a private prosecution to court as is the right according to that country's legislation; not doing that would a complete breech of democratic process and the rule of law. Just because someone brings a frivolous prosecution doesn't mean you suddenly tear down the basis for open society and create a sui generis action against them, you let the law work, that's the exact opposite of giving in to authoritarianism. Acting like an authoritarian state to counter authoritarianism would be moronic.

Playing this out as "Erdogan has won against Merkel" seems really ignorant to me. Why are you doing that, don't you believe in the rule of law?

>If there is legislation on the statute then how can Merkel have it ignored

Because Erogadan is not a German Citizen.

>don't you believe in the rule of law

There is no international rule of law between Turkey and Germany.

This is not how it works. First, citizenship is not important in front of a German court barring very few exceptions. Second, there is a law which specifically protects foreign head of states. Third, German courts ruled before in the past this specific provision is part of international law in the German legal system.

You don't need to be a German citizen to be protected by German law (why should you?).

Slander/libel are about the country of the alleged infringement. As with other torts the person allegedly damaged doesn't need to be present otherwise it would be easy to just cross a border to avoid prosecution.

Indeed I didn't realise initially but the German statute includes a law particularly protecting foreign heads of state.

I think you're wrong, because the government interfering with what is primarily a judicial process is exactly how autocracies work, and exactly how democracies do not work, even if in this case the end result is the one we would prefer.

Process matters. A lot.

Now where the government (legislative) has every right to have a say is that this law needs to be removed.

>Process matters. A lot.

Within an established system.

Germany and Turkey have no common justice system or even a common foundation for the rule of law. Erogadan is playing outside the scope of any justice system, and so should Germany, because it holds all the power here.

After all. The only rules to The Great Game, are that those who follow the rules, lose.

This is happening within the German system of government, even if an outsider is bringing the suit. And that is exactly the point.

And what I find so beautiful is that it manages to send both the "rule of law" message and the fk you message at the same time.

International politics is a game of its own, where there are no rules, but actions still have consequences. Looking at it purely under the prism of internal law is simplistic.

Germany and Turkey are both nominatively parliamentary republics. They are also members of the United Nations.

So they both share a common justice system, and a common foundation for the rule of law. Obviously, there are limits to this, but it's a mistake to dismiss these things out of hand.

Exactly. This was a brilliant choice of action. And Merkel is blatantly telling the Turks how different things are handled in the EU. Without giving Erdogan (she needs him) grounds for feeling disrespected.

This is now out of the hands of government and will be settled in court. In an independent court that the government will not mess with.

That she emphasized the freedom of speech, freedeom of press and freedom of art several times in her speech is just the cherry on the cake.

>Exactly. This was a brilliant choice of action. And Merkel is blatantly telling the Turks how different things are handled in the EU.

Well, considering how dictatorial, under-the-table-ish and badly the EU handled the Euro-crisis, I'm not sure that's really true beyond this particular case...

> "says a big "F* Y" by eliminating the law and saving the comedian"

I don't think that this is "saving the comedian", since the law should be eliminated as of 2018. It's likely that judgement (at least at the first level of jurisdiction in case of objection/revision against) will be made sooner. Further who knows what proposed legislation come up since then, or like the Germans say: Since then, a lot of water will flow down the Rhine.

Currently Germany isn't known for its great process against odd repressive laws, I would say it's even the contrary developement when it comes to state authorities, which leaves me sceptic about that.

How is it up to a politician to "allow" a prosecution? Shouldn't that be up to the court?

"Under an obscure paragraph of Germany’s criminal code, prosecution for insults against organs or representatives of foreign states requires both a notification from the offended party and an authorisation from the government."

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/apr/15/angela-merkel-a...

That article contains a link with a better explanation of the law: http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/apr/14/obscure-german-...

Basically it's a holdover from the monarchy, and there are similar rules across much of europe for the same reason. It seems interesting that these laws hang on despite the massive changes to borders and governments in europe since the 1800's

I’ve read that the underlying assumption here is basically that since such insults potentially damage the relationship between Germany and the foreign state, Germany is an injured party and as such involved in the process.

But it’s also just an ancient law …

There's probably also the case where insulting certain other countries heads of state is just totally fine with the government, so they can ok those cases. ;)

You refer to it as ancient, but I just looked it up, and it seems it was last updated in 2014

How ancient can these laws be? The BRD is not that old.

and thats why they want to get rid of it

No.

Courts do not prosecute people. They decide cases. The government (that is, the elected part) prosecutes people, at least in many cases. The prosecutor is either appointed by an elected official or elected directly. Therefore it is up to an elected official, either directly or indirectly, to decide whether or not to prosecute a case.

While this may be true in the US, most prosecutors are neither elected nor appointed by elected officials in Germany.

The prosecutors still are bound by instruction of their superiors (which at the end is the minster of justice, usually of that state). Sure, these instructions have bounds, but it can still lead to interference by political officials.

In the United States, criminal prosecution is up the the District Attorney. This is often an elected position. So, yes, it's sometimes up to a politician to decide whether to prosecute.

The thing is, this incident will be heavily used in favor of Erdogan here in Turkey. Next time he publicly suggest prosecutor action against some negative comment against him (in 1 or 2 days, mind you) he'll refer to this. And his supporters won't know the difference if Merkel will also change the law, if the case will get dismissed etc. Erdogan won this case domestically. It might be an intelligent move for her but definitely not for us, sadly.

How would the alternative look like? Erdogan referring to "even in germany, the head of state interferes". Mind you, there'd still be a court case, just under a different paragraph. The whole situation was not salvageable. I don't like the decision, but I can see the reasons. This way at least everybody can point to the independence of the courts.

Eh … I think waiting until 2018 is a bit … hesitant and cowardly? Federal elections are in 2017, so basically she says that the next government will do it. (Ok, it’s extremely unlikely that this next government won’t include her at the helm … but still.)

Also, the case will not necessarily get dismissed. Insults will still be a crime (if one with a lesser punishment), even after the law is abolished.

But I’m happy that abolishing this law is at least on the agenda.

as she also can't ignore diplomatic implication of doing otherwise

Are you seriously suggesting that throwing one of your own citizens under the bus for mean words affecting the fragile feelings of a foreign Head of State is proper and correct diplomacy?

She really didn't get it right. As others have pointed out, § 103 states:

   (2) Ist die Tat öffentlich, in einer Versammlung oder durch Verbreiten von Schriften (§ 11 Abs. 3) begangen, so ist § 200 anzuwenden. Den Antrag auf Bekanntgabe der Verurteilung kann auch der Staatsanwalt stellen.

... which points out that the state can decide whether to prosecute or not. And Merkel is deciding to prosecute, which means that this man, even if the courts are on his side, is going to have no choice but to fight an absurd case for weeks if not months. So much for freedom of thought and expression, at least in this case.

Merkel gets what Merkel wants: free speech is silenced, and she's made an example of this comedian so that other writers, entertainers, journalists, etc, will get the message to keep their ideas about Islamism to themselves. Sure you can say "he'll have his day in court", but it'll take years and millions of dollars (Euros, or whatever). The TV network has already pulled the offending joke off their website. The comedian has had his show cancelled. Anyone else out there thinking about doing something similar has got the message about what happens when you disagree with the government. Yeah, he'll win his freedom in the trial, but "the process is the punishment". No free country tells a comedian that he and his employer are going to be forced to defend themselves in court for... writing a poem.

The good floats with the bad and vice versa.

Politics are regional. Living in Los Angeles with a highly diverse population with both legal/illegal immigration and free speech as its the raison d'etre would be unacceptable to Germany and maybe that is a good thing?

This is a locale that produced entertainment acts like NWA, Snoop Dog The Doors & Sarah Silverman. (Also some really great looking mixed race actors as well) I don't think Germany could do that due to its Homogeny. A region has a choice: Homogeny which produces affluence and social cohesion or diversity that produces great food, music, art, and technology.

Is it a misinterpretation of the article or does the chancellor actually have to "allow" or "disallow" an investigation? Aren't prosecutors completely independent in Germany?

That specific law contains a clause which requires the federal government to give consent before the prosecution could go forward. Think of it that way: The law concerns the foreign relations of Germany which makes the federal government an affected party.

But even apart from that the prosecution is part of the ministries of justice and answers to them (usually to the state level). However, it's really, really rare that they actually interfere with prosecution. I think it's similar in many countries. This case is not one of those by the way, as said above.

Prosecutors aren't independent in Germany. I thnk that's bad, but the idea is actually checks and balances: giving the executive a way to defend against an overreaching judiciary.

Usually it's political suicide for politicians to interfere with prosecutors, there have been spectacular examples of that.

Unfortunately, we've quite recently had a counterexample where the justice minister got under lots of pressure from a shitstorm-moved public and a violent felon walked free (Gustl Mollath).

I know that this is off-topic, but Gustl Mollath did not walk free because of some interference but because he was explicitly ruled not-guilty and was completely rehabilitated by a court. The case then went up to the highest court which confirmed the ruling. He is not a felon in any meaning of that word.

You're misinformed, but that's common.

To the contrary: the court convicted him, but for procedural reasons he walked free.

The lower court's acquittal was appealed (revision) by the defense and the prosecution. Since the prosecution had appealed the sentence could have been more severe (more than "nothing").

The justice minister then ordered the prosecution to withdraw its appeal. That means that the sentence could not be more severe.

The higher court subsequently convicted and sentenced to "nothing", because of this procedural rule.

As an aside: he is a violent felon. He has been legally bindingly convicted of having thrown his wife out of a car while driving. He has been convicted of domestic violence.

As the prosecutor said in his plea: his claim that the well-documented bite marks on her neck were a result of falling out of the car is outlandish.

Incorrect and incomplete representation. She's starting the removal of §103 (deals with dignitaries) and made it very clear it's only being removed because it's "expendable" i.e. only removed to appease a loud minority and polish image. The removal will take like 2 years and i doubt the "investigation" will take that long.

§185 stays in and Erdogan can (and actually is) still sue Böhmermann using that one.

surely Kafka would disagree with you. being subjected to this ordeal is maltreatment, regardless of what legal wizardry will transpire at the eleventh hour.

> that the government will get rid of this law

germany has a separation of powers and merkel can't dictate any laws.

I think you wanted to write "FUCK YOU". We're all adults here, right?

If I knew how to vote you up I would.

Realpolitik at its finest.

Turkey makes the claim that insulting the head of state is a 'crime against humanity'. Turkey is a corrupt country and is committing 'crimes against humanity' on a daily basis. My username is real name, I live in the US, please come sue me. If you need to be insulted vs just stating facts, the party leadership are doo-doo heads. For anyone not aware, here is LY HRW report on Turkey. https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2015/country-chapters/turke...

> Turkey makes the claim that insulting the head of state is a 'crime against humanity'. Turkey is a corrupt country and is committing 'crimes against humanity' on a daily basis. [...]

All true. But it doesn't stop the oligarchy [1][2] in your country to still keep it in the NATO, have (at least one) military base there (Incirlik Air Base), not say/do anything about the way it treats minorities, journalists ...its own citizens.

(remember the US slogan: "We bring freedom, democracy and human rights to the world")

[1] http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/videos/jimmy-carter-u-s...

[2] http://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-echochambers-27074746

Don't forget turkey had the cojones to provoke the Russians by shooting their plane and then commit a war crime by shooting sry the pilots.

They'be become a rogue nation more than any other.

Yeah... Cojones :-) Or coincidence:

2015-11-23: US air force general and the second-highest ranking military officer visits Turkey "to discuss the Russian airstrikes on Turkmen-populated areas in Syria.

http://www.dailysabah.com/diplomacy/2015/11/23/us-air-force-...

2015-11-24: Two turkish jets shoot down one russian over the Turkmen region in Syria and Turkmen kill the pilot. Putin said that the russian military has communicated flying routes to the US military.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Russian_Sukhoi_Su-24_sh...

Turkey complains about crimes against humanity? That is rich, they have never acknowledged the Armenian genocide and they are currently bombing the Kurds while having previously helped IS, who are themselves guilty of crimes against humanity.

Their leadership needs a diplomatic spanking.

You'd be remiss to not also point out that there are kurdish groups that blow up bombs with the intent of killing civilians.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan_Freedom_Falcons#Atta...

He should have a Twitter account, then we'd see some real drama

He does: https://twitter.com/RT_Erdogan

Plus there is: https://twitter.com/trpresidency.

The trpresidency account has blocked me for tweeting the picture of Erdogan next to Smeagol, haven't been blocked from RT_Erdogan...yet.

"In a country under the rule of law, it is not up to the government to decide," Merkel said.

"Mutti" is trying to deflect the blame again: In this very special case (§103 StGB), the law mandates that the government authorize the prosecution. Otherwise there is no case.

Here's the relevant law about deliberate defamation of foreign heads of state. (Up to five years in jail OR a fine.)

https://dejure.org/gesetze/StGB/103.html

Anyone know where the section is on the government required authorization of prosecution?

Section 104a - Conditions for prosecution

Offenses under this chapter shall only be prosecuted if the Federal Republic of Germany maintains diplomatic relations with the other state, reciprocity is guaranteed and was also guaranteed at the time of the offense, a request to prosecute by the foreign government exists, and the Federal Government authorizes the prosecution.

Thanks to both you and germanier.

How can Germany, an ostensibly free nation, have such a law?

If you can't insult political leaders, you don't have free speech. End of story. Political speech is the most important form of speech to protect.

You can actually insult political leaders all day long. Unlike less known persons, which can sue for defamation. There was even a case in Germany where someone argued for the assassination of a Politician, a clear crime, in other words, and acquitted at trial because the target was a public figure.

And even if you couldn't, insults on that level are absolutely unnecessary to discuss any issue.

> You can actually insult political leaders all day long.

Then why is there a prosecution moving forward for insulting a political leader and a specific law which applies only to insulting foreign political leaders?

> How can Germany, an ostensibly free nation, have such a law?

In Austria you be jailed for 6 months for ridiculing religious customs or leaders, or flags and symbols of foreign states...

You can insult political leaders. You can NOT insult FOREIGN political leaders.

I don't see how that makes it any more acceptable. Foreign political leaders are still public figures who clearly have an influence on the direction of public policy in your nation.

§ 104a StGB

Article 103 appears to state that the insulted party must have been in Germany on official duty during the occurance of the insult.

It needs to be parsed like this

Whosoever insults [a foreign head of state], or, [with respect to his position, a member of a foreign government who is in Germany in his official capacity], or [a head of a foreign diplomatic mission who is accredited in the Federal territory] shall be liable to imprisonment not exceeding three years or a fine, in case of a slanderous insult to imprisonment from three months to five years.

I don't suppose it say how big the fine must be? Could they fine the comedian 1 Deutschmark? That would make a pretty clear point that the Court wasn't impressed with the entire process...

Heads of state or members of the government on official duty. Since Erdogan is a head of state the requirement does not apply.

The government may have the right to stop a complaint regarding this law, but that doesn't mean that there is no moral obligation for the government to not stand in the way of law.

She's not deflecting blame. For one thing, it's not Merkel that made the decision. Secondly, the blame would have been less if the government stopped the complaint. That would have been the easy way out.

It is clearly Merkel who made the decision. The law requires approval at that level, she is the one who announced the decision, the buck stops with her.

This is really terrible news for Germany and the EU as a whole. Merkel has said "this is a bad law and we have the option to ignore it, but we will prosecute anyway". Who rules Germany now, exactly? Is it Merkel or is it Erdogan? And if it's the latter, which is what it looks like, then how much influence does Turkey have over the EU as a whole?

You obsess over singular persons having power to do something. But in reality, Merkel is not at all free to decide this issue. For that matter, the government as a whole is not free to decide this issue, regardless where "the buck" stops.

Nor is Erdogan calling any shots, because he is only using an option that German law provides to any organ of a foreign state. To any Human Being actually, considering that there are cases of personal defamation pending.

Nothing special about Erdogan, except that he is exerting that option rather spectacularly to his own detriment.

The sad thing about this issue is that obviously a lot of people don't bother to appreciate the complexity of the issue and want to frame it as a question of who is in power and who is calling the shots.

If you don't want to be ruled by dictators, start recognizing law and institutions at work, rather than attributing everything that happens to the power and will of singular persons.

I would point out that the German government explicitly is free to decide whether or not prosecution continues. I don't think it's a good idea that this is the case, but it is.

Most people seem to focus on the political side of this whole affair, but at the same time it is clearly a legal case as well (and a rather interesting one) with hundreds of pending legal complaints

^^^^^ This. This should be restated at the root level so everyone could see it.

> but that doesn't mean that there is no moral obligation for the government to not stand in the way of law.

My eyes keep glazing over... can you reword without the triple negative?

I tried without "triple negation". Doesn't work as well. There is a moral obligation for the government to honor that law, but that in turn doesn't mean they have to give permission or that they don't have permission. Yes, the issue is that complicated.

StGB §104a explicitly states that the German Federal Government has to consent to any prosecution under StGB §103 (the "libel against foreign head of state" paragraph of the law). §103/104 is very special in that regard.

So yes, the government had to give explicit permission to prosecute in this particular case.

The gov't could have honored the law by just saying "we don't consent to the prosecution", they did not however, and Merkel as the head of the government has the responsibility for that decision; whether you agree with the decision to prosecute or not.

PS: German media is reporting that according to Steinmeier, German Foreign Secretary, the cabinet had a tie when voting on prosecution or not, with Merkel's vote breaking the tie in favor or prosecution.

The government has a moral obligation to consider the request and saying "we don't consent" does not satisfy the obligation.

Another important consideration is that exercising the right to deny the prosecution would have taken away power from the judiciary. Germany is in the process of making this point to Poland and Hungary, where the independence of the judiciary is under attack. A denial would have weakened that argument a lot.

No sinister men with long coats and barking dogs at three o'clock in the morning, but the screws are being tightened on free expression over much of Western Europe these days, not least as concerns potential offense towards a certain easily offended religion.

[edit: typo]

In the Netherlands if you tweet something that is perceived as inflammatory you will get a police visit:

http://www.nrc.nl/next/2016/01/20/u-twittert-wel-heel-veel-z...

Note that this is not the same as hate speech which will lend you in court and get you fined or worst.

Well... it might depend on the message the police deliver. If they're saying, "Look, some of these people react violently when you say stuff like this, and we can't always stop them, so if you're going to keep doing it, you'd better think about your physical security", that's perfectly reasonable.

If they're saying, "This is a polite, non-official notice that if you keep saying stuff like this, you are going to face unofficial heat from the government, in ways that you can't prove is because you're saying this stuff", well, that's not appropriate for a free society.

Thought crime at its best.

Agreed. Intimidation. But hey, we're the country that sends a arrest-squad in the middle of the night to cartoonists and detain them. NOT kidding: https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorius_Nekschot

Similar things are happening in Sweden. Dan Park is a Swedish street artist who has actually done jailtime for his works, some of which have also, by order of the court, been destroyed. Both Dan and his gallerist have been subject to nightly police raids.

Lars Vilks is another Swedish artist. He is not being hunted by a police force, but by private, less rulebound actors. He can no longer live on a fixed address, and travels under constant police protection.

What a glorious time for free speech.

I’m not sure whether that is actually true …

Insults were always a crime in Germany. They are even more or less explicitly mentioned (“honor” is mentioned) as an exception in the freedom of speech article in the German constitution. (One interesting tidbit: there are no such explicit exceptions for art, i.e. art is allowed to do everything. Of course that is not totally true. As soon as two or more basic rights collide judges have to decide which one wins out and how different basic rights have to be balanced. Law is not an algorithm, it is a living, breathing thing with a certain spirit, filled with life by the people living with it, applying it and interpreting it.)

This particular law merely names a higher punishment – and requires the German government to allow prosecution.

If you think you have been insulted you always have to make a criminal complaint. Without a criminal complaint there is no prosecution (unlike with, say, a robbery, where it doesn’t matter whether you make a criminal complaint, the robbers can be convicted either way). That applies to everyone.

Erdogan actually made a criminal complaint (one that doesn’t require the permission of the German government to go ahead), too, as well as this criminal complaint that does require the government’s permission. So there would have been some prosecution and maybe even a court case either way the German government had decided, just with a potentially slightly lower punishment.

I think it will be interesting to see how this case turns out … but I would be wary of identifying any trend. In general I would argue that the German constitutional court has again and again emphasized the importance of freedom of speech as a constituent element of democracies and has also, over the years, given the right wider and wider latitude and more teeth, meaning not everything that might, at first blush, sound like an insult actually is an insult. But the exception exists, sure, and always has.

There is also no doubt that what the comic said is insulting content. It was explicitly named as such and that’s pretty uncontroversial … the constitutionally much more interesting question is whether the context in which the insults were packaged is enough to restore the freedom of speech. I personally think it should be and I hope that judges will decide that way … but it’s a honestly tricky question.

I mean, one thing is for sure: Simple disclaimers (“Saying the following would be illegal: …”) are not enough. The law is not stupid … but we are not talking about simple disclaimers here.

You can dress it up with all the sophistry you want, but this pig still stinks: a man's freedom is being taken away for mocking a politician.

This is just unjustifiable. Even worse, it's being done because Merkel needs favors from Erdogan. Imagine if George W. Bush had demanded that Merkel bring prosecutions for some of the more outrageous things people said about him. Would you have been okay with that?

German political discourse and American political discourse happen on a very different level. The amount of name calling happening in the US is unheard of in Germany.

Not even the indemnity afforded to members of parliament speaking parliament covers libellous insults - it's the only exception.

If it is unjustifiable, it will go to the german high court and will be judged unconstitutional. Merkel does not need favours from Erdogan, Merkel needs to stand strong within her country (not that I am happy about that). She has said previously that she thinks it is an insult. If she had now reversed that thinking because of political thinking, that could have been far worse for her. And also for the turkish opposition since hindering the prosecution would have been best that can happen for turkish nationalists.

>She has said previously that she thinks it is an insult. If she had now reversed that thinking because of political thinking, that could have been far worse for her. And also for the turkish opposition since hindering the prosecution would have been best that can happen for turkish nationalists.

So what you're saying is: "It's okay to throw someone in jail for mocking a politician if it benefits you politically."

It is pretty impressive though, that you're able to make it sound so nice and harmless.

No one’s freedom is being taken away as of yet?

The government is acting toward that end. Being stopped by the courts doesn't make that any less immoral.

> Law is not an algorithm

Hopefully one day the laws will be coded in PROLOG and open sourced. Then we can use computers to reason and decide about it.

> This particular law merely names a higher punishment – and requires the German government to allow prosecution.

That's things getting worse.

It's not a new law, and in response to this incident Merkel has said she wants to get rid of this law, so how is it getting worse?

The right to grant a federal pardon lies in the office of the President of Germany, but he or she can transfer this power to other persons, such as the chancellor or the minister of justice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardon#Germany

Pardons are a vital check on the justice system. I don't know all the details, and this might be a lower level judgment. But, if she had the power and said no, then that's a terrible sign regardless of the words out of her mouth. On the other hand if the government gave up the right to pardon that's also terrible.

Actually, laws against defamation and insults are very old. And this particular incident falls clearly under the category of pure insults. Even with a strong taste of racial slur ("goat ...").

The only reasons we are debating this at all is that nobody likes Erdogan and that the insult was offered by a comedian.

> The only reasons we are debating this at all is that nobody likes Erdogan and that the insult was offered by a comedian.

We're debating it because most of HN is in the United States, where people regularly go around saying far worse things about our President than calling him a "goat."

If this was in the US this would be considered Satire. So it's a form of protected speech. Am I correct? Could someone still sue for libel?

I think you may have missed the "..." there. He didn't call him a goat, more like one who lays with goats.

The US values freedom of expression over defamation and even over the safety of minorities from consequences of hate speech.

The deliberation between these freedoms is a matter of the political culture of a society. In Germany the opinion is shifting, and maybe not for the better.

It is more subtle that this. The whole poem should not be viewed without the moderation and context of the show. The pivot point is the extra-3 song, a satirical song about erdogans narcissistic tendencies by another german comedy TV-show. This song was the reason the german ambassador in turkey was summoned by the turkish governemnt.

Böhmermanns reaction was... and I am paraphrasing here: "What? You think this was insulting??? Mr. Erdogan, I can show you what an insult looks like, and german courts would regard it as insult:" (... and on this point in the show comes the poem...)

So... was the poem insulting, disgraceful and racist? Sure, in my oponion yes. But you can't look at it without the context, the whole show was trying to make.

Yes, the entire point of the poem was to show the differences between the satire the extra-3 song used to criticize Erdogan on his free speech and refugree policies from what would be really just slurs and racism, by Böhmermann explicitly stating that.

It is like comparing Trevor Noah stating on the Daily Show that "of course we all know, Mexicans are racists and we need a wall" vs Trump saying the same thing. The first is comparable to what Böhmerman did (attacking racists, while simultaneously attacking Erdogan on free speech issues re:extra-3), while the later is actually racist slurs. Context matters.

What of it? I'm not sure how this 'context', namely the lead-in for the joke, changes anything.

It is in the same tradition of Charlie Hebdo, Titanic, Ricky Gervais, Louis C.K. and other crass comedians.

Some might find this humor tasteless and insulting, but in my opinion this is covered by freedom of speech.

> Actually, laws against ... insults are very old.

So are laws against blasphemy, witchcraft, etc. That doesn't make them at all legitimate in the modern world.

Which is why they are being changed. Though I still see no value in allowing people to call other people "goat f*rs" for sake of a political argument.

Fortunately, Western countries don't regulate speech based on what the majority of people at a given time find valuable.

If they did, probably every civil rights movement in the West could have been made illegal simply by the government declaring that the speech is not valuable. Fuck that.

The value is you can say what you think without having to run it by a lawyer.

goat fuckers. see how it works? you can swear with out pretending to

> Actually, laws against defamation and insults are very old. And this particular incident falls clearly under the category of pure insults.

In France insults are usually allowed when it's a parodic context (such as in a play, a TV show, a movie or the like).

Yes. This is a big problem here in the Netherlands. Traditionally we have been a very open society but more recently people have become unable to speak their minds about religious matters that affect society.

Are they really unable to speak their minds or are they simply unwilling to face harsh criticism of their opinions and beliefs?

Freedom of speech doesn't mean other people are not allowed to criticize you. And if your opinions are intentionally offending other people, you just have to expect some intentional offenses in return...

The problem is that offense is not (in itself) an argument, nor a counterargument

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisdom_of_repugnance

Of course, intentional insults devoid of content are merely https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad_hominem, but it is important to recognize the difference.

Discussing something rationally requires having a thick skin.

You are allowed, to say "Islam" you know – but I know that people with the views you are hinting at have a bit of a habit of not doing so, in what I'd perceive as a rather flaccid attempt to demonstrate how their freedom of speech is being repressed.

Screws are not being tightened on freedom of expression on any real sense. The German law in question has nothing to do with religious insult, and ECHR Article 10 explicitly protects freedom of expression.

More importantly, it is not the place of the Chancellor to decide whether or not the law has been violated. That's the last thing that we want.

Shouldn't we wait until the court makes a decision. Until now it is only a good way to show Erdogan what separation of powers means.

Wait...why is religion coming into this? How does Erdogan represent Islam?

Because those who frequent sites outside the SWPL universe see this sort of thing (http://bit.ly/1MVlVUE) with demoralizing frequency. This comedians plight has captured some attention, but it's really the exception.

And people who aren't overly inclined to take the editorial stance of blogs that actually cover Gamergate as a serious ethical movement too seriously realise that [West] Germany hasn't allowed those considered to be expressing far right views anything resembling freedom of speech since 1945 for not-exactly-inexplicable reasons which have absolutely nothing to do with some sort of left-wing conspiracy to make people not hate Muslims. It's a country where you're not allowed to collect war memorabilia, never mind write blog comments saying "off to Auschwitz with you".

The original Bloomberg article has Merkel saying she had no intention of interfering in a prosecution brought under an ancient law about insulting heads of states, but actually intended to scrap the law so it couldn't be used in future. Which apart from suggesting that German speech laws are getting more permissive rather than less is pretty much an endorsement of the view that Erdogan - and presumably other Muslim heads of state - is a perfectly legitimate target for satire

"Turkey’s Erdoğan says his only concern is Islam" http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkeys-erdogan-says-his-on...

So can I claim I'm the representative of Islam and everyone's supposed to believe me?

no, those are old laws.

mind you, you also get in a lot of trouble for promoting nazism ("wiederbetätigung"). see here, austria, 5 convictions for up to 22 months: http://diepresse.com/home/panorama/oesterreich/4947913/Funf-...

so?

Which certain easily offended religion is this?

Why don't you publicly insult them all and find out?

For science, of course.

"Fng goats" is not an insult against Muslims, but rather something that offends a lot of people from goat-rich countries around the mediterranean, even Greece.

Jeeebus... here I was, thinking that goat-fucker is pretty much a generic insult at the schoolyard level and that any adult[1] being called a goat-fucker would probably just laugh it off and get on with their day.

[1] Or semi-clueful child for that matter.

EDIT: I should say, my point is: Given that the actual number of people who fuck goats is miniscule, but probably not zero, the "accusation" is a priori so laughable as to NOT constitute defamation in any reasonable sense. (Hopefully the courts will agree, but it's ridiculous that the prosecution is even allowed to go forward.)

Calling people from that region "goat fuckers" unfortunately has a long history. It's not a generic insult and the use was obviously deliberate. (Of course that was the whole point of that poem.)

the "accusation" is a priori so laughable as to NOT constitute defamation in any reasonable sense. (Hopefully the courts will agree

From what I can tell, he's not being charged under defamation law, so I don't think that's very relevant. It's an old law that criminalizes "insulting a foreign head of state".

> "Fng goats"

Let's not mince words here: it's fucking goats (or Ziegen ficken originally).

It's an insult people from Greece or Turkey hear a lot more often, and many of them seem to perceive it as a racial slur.

Just like you wouldn't be offended by racial slurs not referring to your particular race.

Ah, ok, so it's akin to a racial slur. Thanks for that explanation -- it makes a little more sense now.

> Just like you wouldn't be offended by racial slurs not referring to your particular race.

Personally, I'm not offended by racial slurs referring to my race, but then I was born lucky (white, male), so I probably don't appreciate what it's like to be a minority...

... but is Erdogan from a minority?

(I must confess I know very little about Erdogan, but most of the media I read portray him as just a few inches short of a megalomaniacal dictator.)

EDIT: I find it interesting to contemplate Erdogan's reaction to this compared to the (hypothetical) way, say, Obama would have reacted to this. (Not a US-ian, just for the record.)

Islam

...and yet this law has nothing to do with religion, but is about "insulting national leaders".

Most people think it's dumb, but don't misrepresent it.

I am not usually a Merkel fan, but I think this is a brilliant move, as it sends two loud and clear messages:

1. We are a country of laws, not of autocratic presidents. Therefore it is the task of the judiciary, and only the judiciary to decide this matter. I have full confidence in the judiciary to do so and to come to the right conclusion.

2. And I have a pretty clear idea of what the right conclusion is: what the Turkish president demands is ridiculous. In fact, the fact that we have a law that allows him to demand this is ridiculous. We are therefore getting rid of the law.

Not allowing the prosecution to go ahead would have sent the message that autocratic decisions by the executive in judicial matters is the correct way to proceed, regardless of which way the decision goes. It also wouldn't have sent as clear a message as to the ridiculousness of the request as getting rid of the law.

Again, not usually a fan, but this is damn good.

> Not allowing the prosecution to go ahead would have sent the message that autocratic decisions by the executive in judicial matters is the correct way to proceed

As many others have pointed out, the relevant law [0] explicitly requires an autocratic decision by the executive before prosecution can start.

So in this situation, you are a country of laws being mediated by an autocratic president. It is the task of an autocratic president, and possibly the judiciary, to decide this matter.

[0] http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/apr/14/obscure-german-...

>As many others have pointed out, the relevant law [0] explicitly requires an autocratic decision by the executive before prosecution can start.

Exactly. This is why the law is an anachronism and needs to be repealed. And why using it to get the "right" outcome would be inconsistent with the principle of rule of law that says it needs to be gotten rid of.

It's like ssh-ing into the production server.

>In a state of law, it’s not the domain of the government, but rather the prosecutors and the courts, to weigh individual rights,

IMHO that's all that needs to be said. This is exactly how it should be. This is a problem for which laws were written and this is something the judges should eventually have the power to decide upon.

If we don't like their decision, it's up to us to change the laws.

I disagree: in a free state composed of free citizens, it is every citizen's duty to refuse to do something which he believes wrong: a law can only be enforced because the police arrested someone, the gaolers incarcerated him, the jury convicted him, the judge sentenced him, the warden took responsibility for him (and the executioner killed him, in the case of capital crimes). Every one of these has the opportunity and the duty to refuse to enforce an unjust law: the police officer can turn a blind eye; the gaolers can refuse to accept the prisoner; the jury can refuse to convict; the judge can refuse to sentence; the warden can release; the executioner can refuse to work.

You are basically arguing for vigilante justice. There's a myriad of reasons why this is a bad thing for society. For example, white supremacy groups not being arrested or charged with crimes because all the cops and DAs and judges are also white supremacists. If it's truly within their world-view that a lynching is not wrong, then according to your theory it's their responsibility to not arrest or charge for it. This viewpoint is directly opposed to the rule of law.

zeveb is arguing for nonviolent civil disobedience, which is a very far cry from vigilante justice. Some of our greatest civil rights heroes are advocates for civil disobedience, including Martin Luther King Jr, Rosa Parks, Mohandas Gandhi, and Emmeline Pankhurst.

Yes, vigilante justice is probably a step too far, but only because it's definition requires a lack of rule of law to start with. zeveb is basically arguing that the morality of the individual citizens at each step of the chain overrides the rule of law. The basic premise is the same between them: A vigilante applies their own morality extra-judiciously, without regard for the rule of law. It's the positive counterpart (applying law) of the negative (nullifying law) that zeveb is arguing for.

Civil disobedience is also not correct. Civil disobedience is the refusal to obey laws, not the refusal to uphold them. People participating in civil disobedience do it with the understanding that they can (and should) be prosecuted for such. They do so to act as martyrs.

You might have missed it because it's used here toward unsavory aims, but the situation jdmichal is describing is also non-violent civil disobedience.

Individual ethics trumps democratically created legislation in your system.

This is a problem.

You're promoting anarchy which isn't a workable system AFAICT - the gaoler believes it's wrong not to accept a bribe because that will mean his child goes hungry, so he should release the criminal despite the democratically elected officials having openly created a law that has not been opposed by the people (eg in massed protest)?

I appreciate the sentiment here; however, you must consider that there are many roles in government where you must weigh your duty to the law against your duty to your personal convictions. I imagine as a judge there are decisions you uphold that would directly contradict your beliefs.

The alternative is a rejection of conservatism in the worst way: the state can change too quickly for society to have a proper discourse on whether we made a mistake or not. "Revolution" is a relatively positive word these days and it's easy to forget that actual lives are often lost when mob mentality takes precedent over rule of law.

This specific law requires approval of the federal government before the prosecution can go forward. It was written into that law with exactly that intent.

We'll have to see how honest they are when it becomes their interest to intervene in the business of prosecutors and the courts. It goes both ways so it remains to be seen.

That said, my take is that if the law is unjust, I prefer the law to be overturned rather than not prosecute on the law or rely on disobedience.

In this case prosecuting may create enough bad will that people will find it unpalatable and work to have it overturned to the dismay of foreign "dignitaries".

On the face of it the law seems incompatible with the ECHR wrt rights to expression and freedom of conscience, so an appeal might well have the prosecution overturned even if the law stands and the actions are considered to contravene it. Without seeing the video though it's not clear if it's just plain libellous or not.

Than it shouldn't have gotten to her desk at all. But it got - so it is outside of the law system anyway. It is her decision.

I think this is the right move, regarding separation of powers. I trust the German jurisdiction to do the right thing here.

Plus, she said that the law protecting foreign officials from defamation is obsolete and they will void it.

The law is specifically written so that she has to authorize the prosecution. It's not "respecting the separation of powers" to prosecute something when it's in your sole discretion to prosecute it.

If the law did not normally require executive decisions it would be different.

There's the equivalent paragraph for regular people and Erdogan also demande prosecution under that provision. The primary difference is a slightly lower maximum sentence. That paragraph does not require government authorization. In practice, this decision does make little difference. It's a political statement.

Have a look at this comment, especially: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11504522

Essentially, this has nothing to do with "regarding separation of powers", since the law in question requires "und die Bundesregierung die Ermächtigung zur Strafverfolgung erteilt", i.e. "that the federal government gives the courts authority to prosecute". Without order to prosecute from the executive, the judiciary would have no legal grounds.

It would have been in line with both the word and spirit of the law if she would have denied this authority.

> It would have been in line with both the word and spirit of the law if she would have denied this authority.

You're technically absolutely correct, but essentially it is about separation of powers. That is also the public perception.

Strategically and diplomatically it would be the wrong move to deny it - that can only backfire in a much worse way than it does now. This will all blow over.

Altough, I'm not so sure about the other suit which Erdogan placed using his german attorney.

When a law requires a government to give permission, it is implied that the decision is not arbitrary, but rather the result of a conscious effort to honor that law.

Requiring permission to prosecute doesn't mean the government can do what it wants in this case. That law is meant to be part of the respect that is given to honest diplomatic partners. At least in the diplomatic fiction, this is the case.

Denying that respect would cast doubt on the numerous treaties between the EU, Germany and Turkey, including NATO membership. Something Germany can ill afford currently.

> Plus, she said that the law protecting foreign officials from defamation is obsolete and they will void it.

While, at the same time, allowing one of her citizens to be prosecuted based on it.

Well, it's current law and they can't just repeal the law in a few days. Sitting it out is not an option with such a publicly visible case.

The only thing which bothers me is that it is going to be effective only starting 2018. In the current situation, they'd have a huge majority in the parliament.

They certainly could repeal the law in a few days, four days should be the minimum if I remember correctly. (And yes, there have been laws introduced to parliament and passed that fast before.)

This is, in my opinion, the correct way to think about the issue.

Yep, I agree. Most likely the best move.

During Erdogan's recent visit to Washington DC his security personnel attempted to bring their thuggery to American protesters and journalists and that did not work out so well: http://www.motherjones.com/mojo/2016/03/turkish-presidents-a...

edit: fixed typo

I would have had great respect if Merkel had taken a stand on this issue. Regardless of letting the supposedly trustworthy courts of Germany decide on this, this would have been an excellent opportunity to show the world what European values are all about. It comes over as political cowardliness, but this seems to be the norm now more than ever.

Rule of Law and independence of the judiciary are also important European values.

Which are also under attack in Hungary and Poland. Germany would have forfeited the high ground in those issues if the government interfered with a prosecution, even if legally possible.

Merkel is very pragmatic - hence her long tenure in office. This would have been an excellent opportunity to show the world what European values are all about except for the fact the Europe is currently beholden to Turkey to address the migration crisis.

I'm not sure what European values even are. Europe used to be the land of the enlightenment. That seems to have regressed substantially lately.

If I remember it correctly, Europe never was a "land".

"European values" does not include having the executive stand in the way of putting a case in front of the judiciary.

It's a bad law, but having the executive exercise its option to not consent would have been worse.

I would have hated it if Merkel ignored the separation of power in Germany.

And also it will be extremely funny if the details of the Schmähgedicht are discussed in a german court.

This isn't about values. This is about negotiation. Merkel wants Turkey to retain migrants to Europe, and even divert them elsewhere, so she has to concede somewhere. I believe there were other bargaining points too, something about Turkey's EU membership.

It's a pity that most people don't understand the finer point s of the decision, like that it is only a "permission" to conduct investigations, and that the responsibility for anything else will be in the hands of a court. Or multiple courts, probably.

And the German government could have told Erdogan to take a hike. But they still need him, to prevent refugees from reaching Europe (wouldn't want to do this themselves, now that they successfully kept their further gutting of German asylum law out of the media).

I think people understand it OK.

Böhmermann very clearly violated that law, on television, deliberately. The law makes no exception for intent. So if he hasn't violated the law then what would? And unfortunately it says, quite clearly, it is punished by a jail sentence. Unless German courts are an absolute joke he is going to rot in jail for a while.

The only person who could have stopped that outcome is Merkel. And what has she done? She has said in public, unambiguously that she doesn't want to do this BUT IS DOING IT ANYWAY TO PLEASE ERDOGAN.

That's a huge problem for everyone in Europe. Germany is very powerful in the EU. If the German leader is willing to publicly bend over and obey whilst simultaneously protesting then Erdogan is realising that he has Germany (and thus the EU) by the balls. What will he demand next?

> Böhmermann very clearly violated that law, on television, deliberately. The law makes no exception for intent. So if he hasn't violated the law then what would? And unfortunately it says, quite clearly, it is punished by a jail sentence. Unless German courts are an absolute joke he is going to rot in jail for a while.

You will find that the majority of actual lawyers who have voiced an opinion actually disagree with you; there's no doubt that this is a bit of a gray area, but the Constitutional Court generally allows only very narrow exceptions when it comes to even heated and offensive utterances in the arena of public discourse.

This does not even account for the fact that non-violent first time offenders rarely ever go to jail in Germany, except for the most serious of crimes.

> Unless German courts are an absolute joke he is going to rot in jail for a while.

The law says punishable with up to 5 years in jail or a monetary fine. "wird mit Freiheitsstrafe bis zu drei Jahren oder mit Geldstrafe, im Falle der verleumderischen Beleidigung mit Freiheitsstrafe von drei Monaten bis zu fünf Jahren bestraft."

There's no way this will end up with a jail sentence.

I stand corrected.

I hope you are right. Nonetheless, I see no way he can escape punishment unless the courts choose to ignore the law entirely by setting the fine to one euro or something like that, which seems like an unfortunate thing for courts to do in general, even if in this case it'd be highly convenient.

SO there is still no way around the fact that Merkel should not have done this.

Even if he were found guilty (which isn't as certain as you make it seem) jail is not required by this law. A fine is a much more likely outcome.

More importantly, this is not the government acting as a prosecutor and it's not an exercise in prosecutorial discretion (prosecutorial discretion is a concept that is largely alien to the German criminal justice system, anyway).

The federal government gets a veto right here because it is an affected party – diplomatic relations are part of what §103 of the penal code aims to protect; there are other sections of the penal code that already deal with defamation – and to verify that reciprocity is observed. The federal government is neither equipped nor entitled to do the job of the actual prosecutors (which, except for certain types of offenses, is the responsibility of the states) and thus reasonably does not wish to preempt them.

Pity is, that it is selectively enforced. You can insult only one set of people, others are untouchable.

Would be the decision exactly the same for some random African or Latin american head of state? I doubt it and it looks like I'm not alone in that.

If the African or Latin American country has a good diplomatic standing, I'd consider such a request even more likely, because the tensions don't run as high. But it is difficult to imagine such a monumentally case of stupidity from any friendly state. Turkey included, before this whole mess.

> If the African or Latin American country has a good diplomatic standing,

That would just highlight the hypocritical nature of the law. Laws should be about justice; either some deed is damaging to some person/group/society or not. Whether I like the offender or victim, or not, is not a part of the equation. If it is, the law is not a just law, it is something to beat the opponents with.

Such laws could be expected in dictatorships, but not in a supposedly democratic country.

It's a far bigger pity that anyone is trying to conduct an investigation at all.

The decision matters even less since the only difference it makes is a higher upper bound for the fine. Erdogan already asked for prosecution under § 185 as well which is open to everyone.

I'm a bit torn on the decision. It would have been nice to take a stand, but the big open question is whether that would be worth it.

https://dejure.org/gesetze/StGB/185.html

I think this is the way it should be done. Separation of power means the judicial branch needs to make this decision. Looks like the legislative branch will now revoke the law that lead to this, but either way, it should not be up to the executive to make this decision.

That's the 2D view of the situation. The 3D view is that she had a chance to make a strong statement about freedom of political expression and she chose not to.

Short sighted, I think.

She is allowing the court system of Germany to correct its laws in a legal way. She is trusting the German process to get rid of the law, which arguably is an elegant and even more powerful statement on freedom than high handed executive posturing.

She has the fear that she loses her new political friend, so she has chosen to let someone other decide.

I think it's right that the judges and not the regime should decide, but it's convenient for her, so she does it, not because it's the right thing.

I'm sure this entry will be downvoted very soon, but however, let's try it. :)

Well, now almost everyone in Germany talks about the Comedian and the Turkish President ignoring the much bigger scandal popularized by the term "Panama Papers".

I'm not from the "conspiracy lunatics" fraction but let's dissect this whole stuff a little bit less emotionally:

a) In Germany we have very independent courts.

b) and a very stable democracy (which most of us are truly proud of)

c) and in fact we do have such a silly paragraph that 'protects foreign diplomats' from being 'insulted verbally'.

d) The current government also announced that'll soon throw out this obscure paragraph, which btw. was mostly used by the former Iranian Shah Reza Pahlevi to attack its critics in Germany (that's why we call it 'the Shah Paragraph').

Anyway, I'm very confident that our democracy is stable enough to handle anything, even the childish behaviour of a foreign head of state. By following our laws, no matter how ridiculous the paragraphs may sound, we _protect_ our democracy and dignity.

I'm not a fan of Merkel but one thing is clear: Our Chancellor is governing our country while some others prefer to sue comedians. ;)

I'm not a very political person nor a member of any of our parties but I always go to vote.

That's how we protect our democracy. By letting people vote, the government govern, and courts do jurisprudence.

And we'll never ever sue our comedians. In fact, Erdogan helped us clean up our constitution by throwing out a useless paragraph.

> "The current government also announced that'll soon throw out this obscure paragraph [...]"

I'm not sure if I would call 2018 (like Merkel announced) soon. At least it's after her current period of governance (which will end September 2017).

The announced plan is to vote it into law this term but having it take effect in 2018. This is not unusual, though I don't know why they would leave such a long gap.

My understanding is, that they don't want to interfere in any way with the courts handle this case, but make sure that this law is not invoked again.

>Our Chancellor is governing our country while some others prefer to sue comedians. ;)

Did you miss the connection between both? The refugee crisis.

>And we'll never ever sue our comedians.

What? I think there was a time where Stefan Raab got sued on a monthly basis.

Erdogan is a terrible leader, he's been arresting journalists critical of him.

Even Russia has taken shots at him, implying that Turkey is the means by which IS is able to turn oil into cash and continue operations (my money is on the next US president deposing him).

I just can't understand why Merkel would care what he thinks?

> I just can't understand why Merkel would care what he thinks?

Because Turkey is one of the main passages of immigrants to Europe. And Erdogan can limit the number of immigrants passing EU border. Turkey already got 6 billions Euro from EU to keep immigrants at their country.

In politics two things matter: (a) what you can give me (b) how you can harm me

Of course Erdogan can make further requests because Turkey still have these immigrants.

Isn't Germany trying to make a monetary deal with Turkey to provide asylum for "Syrian" immigrants? Considering that nobody else wants to take them I'm sure there is quite a bit of ass-kissing required to get this working.

German here. This is exactly the reason for Merkels decision.

A side note to the comedian Böhmermann: he did also the "Varoufakis Gate". He is quite a genious satirist with real political influence.

Because Merkel made a deal with him regarding the refugee crisis.

Apparently Europe isn't in control of it's own external borders anymore (in case of Greece this is to be expected of course). And the Schengen treaty removed many internal borders. So now Merkel wants Erdogan to stop refugees on behalf of Europe.

Erdogan gained a lot of indirect power in Europe with the agreement and (IMHO) this is not a good thing.

She may be using this as a tool to persuade politicians to scrap the law.

Why do you assume Merkel cares what he thinks? She is just making the judiciary can do its job. Maybe it is what German voters want?

I rather like the outrageous and ballsy response from one of Holland's biggest comedians, especially considering that we have a similar law here (if I understand correctly):

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_6jW2cIMfos (Dutch)

For those who don't speak Dutch: Teeuwen is expressing his outrage over the fact that when Erdogan used to be a 'boy whore' in Istanbul, he was paid by Teeuwen for sex. And even though Teeuwen 'stimulated' Erdogan, the latter didn't return the favor (and do what he was paid for). He also says that many other people have the same complaint, including our prime minister.

When the interviewer tries to clarify and explain to the viewer that this is a satirical bit to make a point, Teeuwen insists over and over again that this is the literal truth and that it's not satire.

Crass, but effective. In an interview a few days earlier Teeuwen actually argued that this is what people should do en masse, especially in places with such a law, and despite the risk.

If you consider that he is not an idiot and knows that there's a real risk in doing these kinds of things, and that a good friend of his (Theo van Gogh) was actually murdered over insulting islam, it's an incredibly courageous thing to do.

Here's a translation of what the comedian actually said:

https://www.reddit.com/r/europe/comments/4ebe9p/what_böhmerm...

He appears to be telling Erdogan what would be illegal, and making up all sorts of horrible things it is very obvious that Erdogan doesn't do, interspersed with things he may well be guilty of, like beating up minorities.

Now should the German court object to Erdogan coopting the German legal system, I wonder if a defence might be that in fact Bohermann was saying a whole bunch of ridiculous things that are obviously untrue but that satirises how sensitive the Turkish president is.

Now if the Turkish president says that it wasn't all untrue then he'll need to admit to some malfeasance, which he clearly won't ever want to do. So the Bohmermann can say that it was all absurdity and clearly as none of it was true he proves his point that his criticism of Erdogan is valid and that he is an over sensitive despot who is trying to prevent freedom of expression and criticism.

Either way, no matter what the Turkish President does, the comedian wins. The penalty is jail time, but just how long is the minimum and can the comedian be pardoned? And if the comedian goes to jail and the law repealed, then it's open season in Germany and every man and his dog will be throwing even worse insults at Erdogan!

I can see a sort of German Streisand Effect occurring where the insults ratchet up incredibly and an entire nation sticks there collective middle finger up at the Turkish President, who as soon as the law is repeated will be powerless to do anything about it!

Erdogan just can't win, even if he succeeds in jailing the comedian.

She should have told Turkey to shove it instead of appeasing them. When this man gets exonerated by the judicial system it's unlikely that Turkey will be satisfied and the result will be the same for relations between Turkey and Germany. Dance with the one you came with, Merkel.

I don't think so. She can always say that she did all that was in her power, but the judges, those independent little devils, are beyond what she can control. Everyone knows that nothing will happen to the comedian, otherwise hell will break loose in German public opinion. In terms of foreign relations, she made the best move.

"She" (in fact it is her government and not "she" alone) doesn't appease Turkey but rather honors German law.

I'm not sure she could do anything else. However bad the limits on free speech are, applying the law selectively is probably worse.

The very spirit of this law is that it is applied at the government's discretion, though.

Such a law should not exist. If a law is so bad that the only way people are willing to tolerate it is with selective enforcement, then it shouldn't be tolerated at all.

Who said the government approval is there to make people tolerate the law? It only applies where foreign head of states are concerned. The government approval was added as is their job to manage international relations - including cases like this.

There is also another general insult law which applies to everyone and where no government approval is needed. This case would run anyway.

Exactly. That's why they are going to abolish it.

She could push for repealing a stupid law. Insulting world leaders (especially our own) is a celebrated past time for the western world. This is, after all, the homeland of Martin Luther (warning, visual fart joke): http://img.gawkerassets.com/img/17e3edby8mik5jpg/original.jp...

EDIT: does german law allow for pardons?

There is no pardoning that would be relevant. However, they could change the law before the court's verdict. In that case the court needs apply the more lenient version. As far as a I know there is significant push to change the law at the moment.

she has actually said that they will work on repealing the law asap and this will likeli go into effect in 2018.

>does german law allow for pardons

No idea. But in this case it's the government itself that gave the ok for prosecution in the first place (it's a very special law...). It doesn't make sense to first say "go ahead, law enforcement" and then pardon Böhmermann.

I think that's happening too?

In Germany, we have a saying, "Getroffene Hunde bellen" (A dog, when hit, will bark). If the poem had been directed at, say, Obama, he probably would have been like, "whatever, I don't give a four-letter-word", and the whole thing would have been properly ignored by pretty much everyone.

The fact that Erdogan goes apoplectic instead and is all like "off with his head" is really telling more about Erdogan's ego problem than about the German legal system or the media.

I think I learnt in elementary school to not let somebody else provoke me like that. I have been told time and again that I am kind of naive, but I had somehow assumed that a head of state would have managed that. It seems that people never learn that the best way to deal with this would have been the line Jeff Bridges gave in the Big Lebowski, when a character named Jesus essentiallly goes on a rant: "Yeah, well, that's just, like, your opinion, man".

For those interested in some of the finer legal aspects of the situation, here's an interesting article in German (excellent discussion there as well): http://verfassungsblog.de/erlaubte-schmaehkritik-die-verfass...

Böhmermann may have gone a little bit overboard on his exemplary "Schmähgedicht" -- unneccessarily long and nasty just to make a point, other indicators are the music, the flag in the background and subtitles only for the poem (making the example much stronger than the context / introduction) -- but given the context, he should be fine.

Exactly, this and few other blogs, lawyers of satirical magazines and even Erdogan lawyer have said that they do not expect much from this prosecution. It is just, Erdogan has to go this now, else he loses his face. At some point he will lose in the last instance and then tell his people: "See, these germans hate us". If Boehmermann had to pay something, that would mean he had increased his market value by some millions minus those maybe €5000 fine.

Contrary to popular belief there is no real freedom of speech in Europe, as least not in the sense as Americans know it. You can still get up to 2 years of prison time for insulting the King or a friendly Head of State in the Netherlands (and Germany apparently), you can be prosecuted in French for ridiculing the Holocaust (just look at the case for Dieudonné) and the list goes on and on.

Erdogan is of course an insecure and manipulative guy who likes to get back at anyone who mocks him, but he's also quite smart to be aware of and to use the legal options that are available to him in Germany as well as in Turkey. If you don't like it, and supposedly uphold liberal values, change the laws. It's as simple as that.

>> You can be prosecuted in French for ridiculing the Holocaust.

I think that is a good thing, especially with rise of anti-semitism in different parts of the world.

Ridiculing the Holocaust or any other Genocide is not a free speech, it is a hate speech.

Hate speech is one kind of free speech, and be very suspicious of anyone who tries to tell you otherwise: They mean to suppress dissent.

Keep in mind here Erdogan's intented audience is his own people, not the outside world.

She's rolling the dice a bit, but it was her best shot.

If she very strongly was in support of his prosecution, she'd be seen as very anti-free speech. If she blocked it entirely, Erdogan would be pissed off and probably stop blocking refugees for her.

Her goal here is that the courts decide to throw out the law entirely when it goes to trial (is that a thing in Germany? Can courts do that there?) or they give a tiny slap on the wrist. Then she can say to Erdogan "Well, we tried to stop him".

Worst case scenario here is that the comedian actually goes to jail. That would probably end Merkel's career.

No, it's just shows that Merkel is desperate not to cross Erdogan, for whatever reason and is ready to make Germany look weak to salvage whatever deal she made with Turkey. It says a lot about our euro politicians. Unfortunately there is no strong freedom of speech tradition is Europe, unlike US where you can say almost everything without risking getting prosecuted by the state. And it makes all the difference in my opinion.

Concerning German law: It is up to the judges (throughout the instances but hopefully it will be finished witht he first trial) whether or not they see this as satire.

There are no binding precedents in Germany, every case is only dealt with on the basis of the legal text (the exception being some judgements by the suppreme court). This of course gives the judges some freedom in this case, as with obscenity/pornography laws. But still, the prosecution has to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Böhmermann's intention was to insult Erdogan. He is not responsible for how his performance is interpreted by the public or Erdogan.

This decision and the year long coverage of the now coming law suit will make sure that 'Erdowahn goatfucker gangbang' will be in the google index for decades.

Maybe Erdogan will be even the number one result for 'goatfucker' or 'gangbang party' after this all settled down.

I don't know how this could be called a victory for Erdowahn.

Apart of this I really look forward to the process. This will be the best satire ever, worldwide, at primetime.

I believe Böhmermann wanted just that and it would have been sad if Merkel would have destroyed his evil genius plan.

Other discussion: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11504065

As an aside, I'm really hoping the Streisand effect finally does something useful.

Turkey’s Deputy Prime Minister Numan Kurtulmus said on Monday that the German comedian had committed a “crime against humanity” by insulting the Turkish head of state. “No one has the right to insult” Erdogan, Kurtulmus told reporters.

And if I call a sexual pose that includes extreme bending over and complete submission "The Merkel" will I be prosecuted under German law too? That is a risk I am willing to take.

> And if I call a sexual pose that includes extreme bending over and complete submission "The Merkel" will I be prosecuted under German law too? That is a risk I am willing to take.

Nah. Certain types of political satire in Germany are pretty much a contact sport. You'll see much cruder and more direct imagery on carnival floats, for example [1, 2, 3].

Warning: several images may be NSFW and/or cannot be unseen.

[1] http://www.dw.com/en/the-political-side-of-carnival/a-165896...

[2] http://www.ibtimes.com/rose-monday-german-carnival-mocks-pol...

[3] http://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-epa04107803-a-political-the...

> Nah. Certain types of political satire in Germany are pretty much a contact sport.

It doesn't mean you can't get sued by the German state for these. Actually i'm pretty sure you can. You couldn't in US (be sued by the federal state for that). That's the difference between actual freedom of speech (USA) and some vague tolerance that could change anytime (Europe). As a french, I can go to prison if I insult the president publicly, a state prosecutor can sue me for that, that's not freedom of speech. Now is it likely ? no, but the risk is enough so that most people don't even attempt to do that, that's the vague tolerance I'm talking about.

If the state really wants to screw you over, there are plenty of ways to do that regardless. "Disorderly conduct" has been used as an ad hoc speech suppression mechanism even in the US plenty of times; it may not hold up in court, but by that time you've got an arrest record, a mug shot, and have spent a night in jail. And often enough, it results in convictions [1].

Don't get me wrong, the German laws against insults are all kinds of silly, but abusive government officials all over the world have long since figured out that asking forgiveness rather than permission gives them a lot of leeway regardless of how permissive the laws are.

[1] http://www.firstamendmentcenter.org/her-cop-cussing-ruled-fi...

>German Chancellor Angela Merkel has cleared the way for the prosecution of German comedian Jan Böhmermann (Wash.Post) //

>Chancellor Angela Merkel granted Turkey’s request to prosecute a German satirist who derided President Recep Tayyip Erdogan (Bloomberg) //

The crucial statement of what Merkel has done to "clear the way" and what action she took to "grant" Turkey's request to start a prosecution appears to be missing from both stories? Can someone fill in this detail because without it it just looks like "Merkel has not attempted to prevent democratic legal processes from continuing in their normal course".

What's this really about?

Edit: someone on reddit informed that there's a statute protecting foreign heads of state and that it requires the German parliament to 'allow' the prosecution in some sense.

If laws weren't a chaotic accumulation of snapshots of ethics and morals at some point but logical and reasonable instead, we'd have this:

Pros:

- easy to understand and argue

- no room for personal opinion, especially regarding ethics

Cons:

- less income for crime+punishment system that has a whole industry around it and in some countries even prisons operated as public companies

- emotional views on penal system would go ignored

Precedent law is also highly questionable and dangerous. It's hard to understand why laws do not apply to many, especially those mucking around and making laws.

It could be very simple, but as long as there's no Vulkan (Star Trek) like approach to these things, I'm afraid we'll always have laws that favor some and punish others, regardless if the actions harmed anybody.

"Turkey’s Deputy Prime Minister Numan Kurtulmus said on Monday that the German comedian had committed a “crime against humanity” by insulting the Turkish head of state."

A CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY. ARE YOU JOKING.

This is what we have come to, folks.

Never learn a thing from history, Frau Merkel!

The speech in question was intentionally provocative/insulting, intentionally illegal (it was even stated as such prior to it), and was barely satire, if at all: http://blogs.reuters.com/great-debate/2016/04/13/a-dirty-not...

Worst of all, it wasn't even funny, unlike the video that enraged Erdogan last month.

I don't get why people go wild about this. Imagine I sue you for hate speech against me... does the Chancellor get to decide to throw the case out? No. You let it go to court. The judge looks at the case and judges, according to, ya know, the law? Who are you to deny me that case?

If the law is sound, and it is, the case will get thrown out. But it'll be done by a judge, not by a politician a priori.

It's a very simple separations of power story for me.

Further, the comedian will be protected under free speech laws. Case closed?

Thats a disgrace for Merkel and Germany! Lets criminalise comedy...

Yes, the poen is crass at best. The fight for freedom of speech isn't fought at Michelangelo's "David", it's at Larry Flynt's "Hustler".

I saw Amanpour interview that Turkish president over his prosecution of journalists that were exposing him.

He's an insecure little twit isn't he?

Here's a video montage from Der Spiegel of the the program: http://spon.de/vg9uR. In a typical Jon Stewart fashion Böhmermann says things and "check" with his "producer" which ones are illegal to say.

Appears, though not an expert, that a pardon would be possible, but a pardon would require a conviction:

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardon

The "poem" was insulting - and Germany has that law. And with respect to that it will be a German court which decides upon whether a punishment is needed. I think that is fine.

Once you start paying the Danegeld, you never get rid of the Dane.

It was up to her discretion to allow the prosecution to continue if the translations § 104a StGB given here are correct. She should have pissed Erdogan.

If you would publish such a "poem" about anybody in Germany, you could be sued for defamation. Just because you claim it is satire doesn't mean it is protected speech.

That is not the point. It was not claimed it is satire, it was claimed by Boehermann (about 3 times in the one minute of the poem) that this is an example of what is not allowed in Germany. He even said that this might get zensored. You cannot take this poem out of context and then judge on it.

The fact that it's about a politician is what should make it protected.

Western democracies have a long and celebrated history of mocking politicians through satire.

"(1) Every person shall have the right freely to express and disseminate his opinions in speech, writing, and pictures and to inform himself without hindrance from generally accessible sources. Freedom of the press and freedom of reporting by means of broadcasts and films shall be guaranteed. There shall be no censorship."

...but then...

"(2) These rights shall find their limits in the provisions of general laws, in provisions for the protection of young persons, and in the right to personal honor."

So it sounds like their constitution is pretty standard on this point: You have an absolute, indelible right to freedom of speech (unless we decide it's bad speech).

You have an absolute, indelible right to freedom of speech, except where it collides with other absolute, indelible rights. That's not exactly surprising, isn't it?

That's not what it says. It says they can pass unspecified local laws to limit your speech. For example, they can make it illegal to talk to a police officer in the wrong tone. Heck, they can make it illegal to talk to your plants in the wrong tone.

The fundamental rights in the german constitution are interpreted in their broadest possible sense. All laws that restrict any of the fundamental rights can trace their root back to one of the other fundamental rights. They can't make it illegal to talk to your plants in the wrong tone.

Fundamentally speaking, this whole conflict is a conflict of two fundamental rights in the German constitution: Freedom of Speech (or Arts) and Human Dignity. The relevant laws can be traced back to those two rights.

>You have an absolute, indelible right to freedom of speech (unless we decide it's bad speech).

Which is functionally identical to 'you don't have freedom of speech and can only say what we allow'.

The first articles of the german constitution are an exercise in weasel-wording: "Human dignity", "moral law", "may only be restricted by a law"...

The German constitution needs to be interpreted as a document of its time. It places "human dignity" (which is purposefully left open to a potentially changing interpretation) above all other rights which are derived from it.

The constitutional court interprets all basic rights as broad, and all restrictions which are allowed need be as small as possible while still keeping the intent of the constitution. Interpreting the constitution is not an easy task and takes a lot of practice.

>It places "human dignity" (which is purposefully left open to a potentially changing interpretation) above all other rights which are derived from it.

Which is why marital rape was legal until 1997 /s

>The constitutional court interprets all basic rights as broad, and all restrictions which are allowed need be as small as possible while still keeping the intent of the constitution.

Not really. Otherwise marijuana would be legal, the paragraph making incest illegal would have been abolished in 2008, the paragraph criminalizing gay sex would never have existed etc.

P.S: What's with the seemingly random "You're submitting too fast. Please slow down. Thanks" message?

Cognitive dissonance always gets better with practice, regarding law and any other religion

Where is the weasel wording? That fundamental rights may be restricted by laws, for example the right of freedom may be restricted for people convicted of a crime? If those weasel words were not in those articles, there'd be no prison sentence in germany, that's hardly useful.

She's a coward, plain and simple. You don't compromise core principles just to push an agreement through.

No man should be dragged before court in shackles to answer for his mockery of a politician. How pitiful for a great nation like Germany to be bullied into this by Erdogan. This is truly a new low, even for Europe's already troubling record on free speech. Germany desperately needs Turkey to save them from this migrant crisis, but has no real leverage.

Why does Germany have a law against insulting other countries' heads of state?

because we are sheep. nobody cares as long as there's no child porn.

i'm so bloody sick of my fellow gelantinous countrymen.

Anyway, Putin's Russia is always a safe fallback for that guy.

This is one of those times, despite all of the criticisms people on the other side of the Atlantic have about us (some of which are perfectly legitimate) that I am unabashedly proud to be an American, and of our laws and customs.

hums 'Erdowie, Erdowo, Erdogan'

Aren't you technically just humming Nina then? How does one hum a cover?

I find this very worrying.

This is why Germany is still not fully western like the USA, UK, and France. Too much authoritarian hangover from the lack of a modern revolution.

Why? Just because we do not believe in this "free speech" thingy and trust our judicative? If it has been serious defamation, he (Boehmermann) will get a sentence (which he quite probable won't), if not he will not. Merkel just states that she should not judge this and upholds the law. And honestly, this is the best she can do because else the opposition in turkey will be have an even bigger problem than now, because Erdogan will whine about it forever to get nationalist support. Boehmermann has nothing to lose here, it is just a question how much him market value rises. His only problem are dumb turkish nationalists with their death threads.

The UK has probably one of the strictest restrictions on the freedom of speech, especially regarding defamation. France also has defamation laws similar to the German ones.

This lady has done such huge harm to Germany and to EU - where's the democracy? Why is she still in power? Germany, wake up! You're destroying not just your own country, but EU as a whole as well!

She invited the migrants and so caused the whole migrant crisis. This alone costs EU billions, forced countries to start building walls, and made it kneel down before Erdogan! Now, she's doing extra favors to him! Such a disgrace!

https://www.facebook.com/ALDEgroup/videos/10153893201220020/

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