They aren't really comparable. Rust is a lower level language that primarily competes with C++ (finally! C++ badly needs the competition). C++ is still around because it is one of the few languages that has a pay-as-you-go model to features and is not GCd, so, you can reasonably do things like write embedded software for micro-controllers, or kernels, etc.

Go, Python and Java (or any JVM language) are all high level garbage collected languages that focus on developer productivity. You pay certain costs just as the price of entry, like garbage collection, and the requirement for a fairly hefty runtime. In return you get various useful features.

Examples:

You would not use Rust to write a large complex webapp as part of a corporate team, that spends most of its time talking to databases or message queues. The best tool for this from your list would be Java.

You would not use Rust to write a small script to do system administration tasks or quickly prototyping a new idea. The best tool for this from your list would be Python.

You would not use Rust to write a small, simple command line tool that nonetheless could benefit from being garbage collected. You could use Go for that (I hesitate to say it's the best tool but plenty of people use it in that way).