SDV proves properties that are in general undecidable, and as such it is not possible to substitute the Rust type checker for it. The critical difference is that software verification algorithms are allowed to be partial (i.e. not terminate or return "unknown"), while type checking algorithms are required to be total.

Edit: Another way to look at it is that software verification tools find proofs for properties, while type checkers only verify proofs (given as the program structure and type annotations).