The Books I Kept
apsis.io
apsis.io
We used it with our kids in our home education efforts.
But, yes, the Dorothy Sayers translation is a real tour de force, if a bit stilted because she has to resort to truly archaic English to get the terza rima to work. But still...
If you're looking for something more recent (and from my list), I believe that William Maxwell possesses a uniquely American voice. Hemingway and Faulkner are also both arguably quintessential American writers, and --- even though I discarded my copy of Gatsby --- F. Scott Fitzgerald will give you a fun weekend in.
For truly contemporary work, I'd look at Jonathan Franzen, David Foster Wallace, Jonathan Safran Foer, Kurt Vonnegut, Cormac McCarthy, Philip Roth...
These, of course, represent largely my own experience. You'll likely notice right off the bat that these are all white men. In addition to books that are cultural guides to other countries, I'd be interested in seeing a similar list composed by someone from a different socioeconomic, racial, or sexual background from myself.